Florida population, age and demographics

Florida's population by decade, 1830 to 2025

The first census to count the area of the present state, in 1830, found 34,730 people, 26th of 30 among the present-day states with a count that year. A century later the 1930 Census still placed Florida 31st of 51, with 1,468,211 residents. The climb came after that: 2,771,305 in 1950 (20th of 51), 4,951,560 in 1960 (10th of 51) and 12,937,926 in 1990 (4th of 51⁹). The 2020 Census counted 21,538,187, and Florida ranked 3rd of 51⁶, behind only California and Texas.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	Florida
1830	34,730
1840	54,477
1850	87,445
1860	140,424
1870	187,748
1880	269,493
1890	391,422
1900	528,542
1910	752,619
1920	968,470
1930	1,468,211
1940	1,897,414
1950	2,771,305
1960	4,951,560
1970	6,789,443
1980	9,746,324
1990	12,937,926
2000	15,982,378
2010	18,801,310
2020	21,538,187
2021	21,836,698
2022	22,413,989
2023	22,929,248
2024	23,265,838
2025	23,462,518

Florida's July 2025 population is 8.5 times its 1950 count and 1.5 times its count in 2000. Year by year, the Census Bureau's estimates rose from 18,842,405¹⁰ in July 2010 to 21,591,325 in July 2020, then to 22,413,989 in 2022, 23,265,838 in 2024 and 23,462,518 in 2025, the highest ever recorded. Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses the state grew by 14.6%, 7.2 percentage points above the US figure (7.4%)⁶, and it gained a seat in the House of Representatives after 2020 (+1, to 28¹¹). Florida now holds 6.86%¹ of the US population and casts 30¹² electoral votes.

More deaths than births, every year since 2020

Florida's growth has an unusual feature. Between April 2020 and June 2025 the state recorded 1,152,429 births and 1,255,399 deaths, a natural change of −102,970. That is the lowest in the nation, larger than in second-placed Pennsylvania (−89,333). Deaths exceeded births in each of the five years from July 2020 to June 2025, although natural change narrowed from −42,010 in the first year to −1,333 in the latest, when 225,971 births nearly matched 227,304¹ deaths.

Births+1,152,429

Deaths−1,255,399

Net domestic migration+890,348

Net international migration+1,133,327

Residual (estimation adjustment)+3,606

Total change+1,924,311

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	1,152,429
Deaths	−1,255,399
Net domestic migration	890,348
Net international migration	1,133,327
Residual (estimation adjustment)	3,606
Total change	1,924,311

Migration did all of the work. Over the same five years, net migration added 2,023,675 people, the highest in the nation. That figure is larger than the state's total population gain of 1,924,311, because births minus deaths subtracted people rather than adding them. Texas gained more residents overall (2,560,323), and Idaho grew faster in percentage terms (10.36%¹), but no state took in more people from elsewhere.

Measured per resident, the two sides are almost level. Florida's birth rate in the year to June 2025 was 9.7 per 1,000 residents, 9% below the US figure (10.6 per 1,000 residents), and its death rate was 9.7 per 1,000 residents, 7% above the US figure (9.1 per 1,000 residents)¹. The total fertility rate, the number of children a woman would have at current rates, was 1.55 in 2024, 3% below the US figure (1.60)¹³.

Immigration: the largest net inflow from abroad

Since 2020 most of Florida's migration gain has come from outside the country. Net international migration added 1,133,327 people between April 2020 and June 2025, the highest in the nation, ahead of Texas (1,017,836). Florida led every state in four of the five years, including the year to June 2025, when it added 178,674, down from 333,449 at the 2023 peak. Relative to population, the 2025 inflow was 7.7 per 1,000 residents, the highest in the nation and 107% above the US figure (3.7 per 1,000 residents)¹.

Florida1,133,327

Texas1,017,836

California973,812

New York749,337

New Jersey379,828

Illinois313,691

Massachusetts286,765

Georgia235,345

North Carolina231,980

Washington223,256

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Period: April 1, 2020 to June 30, 2025.

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State	Net international migration since 2020
Florida	1,133,327
Texas	1,017,836
California	973,812
New York	749,337
New Jersey	379,828
Illinois	313,691
Massachusetts	286,765
Georgia	235,345
North Carolina	231,980
Washington	223,256

Administrative records from the Department of Homeland Security point the same way. In fiscal year 2024, 219,470 people living in Florida became lawful permanent residents (received green cards), the highest in the nation, just above California (217,420). Per resident the gap is wider: 9.4 per 1,000 residents, 135% above the US figure (4.0 per 1,000 residents)¹⁵. Another 93,240 people became US citizens in Florida that year, the 2nd highest¹⁴ number of naturalizations.

The American Community Survey counts 5,336,897 foreign-born residents (±57,093), 22.7% of the population, the 4th highest share after California, New Jersey and New York. Their origins differ sharply from the national mix: 75.7% were born in Latin America, 25.4 percentage points above the US figure (50.3%), and 10.9% in Asia, 21.0 percentage points below the US figure (31.9%). More than half (57.8%¹⁶) are naturalized US citizens.

Movers from other states: a gain that shrank each year after 2022

Domestic migration, people moving between states, peaked in the year to June 2022, when Florida gained 310,892 more residents from other states than it lost, the highest in the nation. The net gain then shrank each year: 183,646 in 2023, 58,411 in 2024 and 22,517 in 2025, 8th highest. In the latest year net international migration made up 91% of the state's population change and net domestic migration 11%¹.

The flows behind those net figures are large in both directions. In 2024, 573,876 people (±25,867) moved to Florida from another state, the highest of any state (the margins of error put Florida between 1st and 2nd), and 506,246 moved out. The largest numbers arrived from New York (50,661) and Texas (45,259); the flow from New York is not statistically different from the flow from Texas. The most common destinations of people leaving were Georgia and Texas, followed by North Carolina¹⁷.

Moved to Florida from

New York50,661 ±6,714

Texas45,259 ±12,219

California36,194 ±5,759

Georgia34,388 ±6,124

Pennsylvania33,530 ±6,458

Virginia28,901 ±6,694

North Carolina25,865 ±5,677

Illinois24,410 ±4,381

Left Florida for

Georgia52,371 ±8,290

Texas52,219 ±8,571

North Carolina33,591 ±4,724

New York28,080 ±4,963

Pennsylvania25,048 ±7,963

Virginia24,818 ±3,909

Ohio20,338 ±3,696

Michigan19,282 ±4,668

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
New York	50,661 ±6,714	28,080 ±4,963
Texas	45,259 ±12,219	52,219 ±8,571
California	36,194 ±5,759	–
Georgia	34,388 ±6,124	52,371 ±8,290
Pennsylvania	33,530 ±6,458	25,048 ±7,963
Virginia	28,901 ±6,694	24,818 ±3,909
North Carolina	25,865 ±5,677	33,591 ±4,724
Illinois	24,410 ±4,381	–
Ohio	–	20,338 ±3,696
Michigan	–	19,282 ±4,668

Tax returns add a measure of income. Households that moved to Florida between the 2022 and 2023 filing years reported $43.4 billion in adjusted gross income, against $22.7 billion for those who left, a net gain of $20.6 billion, the highest in the nation¹⁸.

Decades of moves show in where residents were born. Only 35.2% of Floridians were born in the state, the 3rd lowest share in the country and 21.2 percentage points below the US figure (56.4%). 15.4% were born in the Northeast, 9.1 percentage points above the US figure (6.3%), and 9.7%¹⁶ in the Midwest.

Hispanic Florida: Cuban, Puerto Rican and South American

Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 29.2% of Floridians in 2025 and non-Hispanic white residents 48.3%², so no group is a majority. In the Census Bureau's population estimates, which use a different method, the non-Hispanic white share also fell below half: it was 49.9% in July 2025, down from 52.8% in 2020. The Hispanic share in those estimates, 29.2%, is the 6th highest among the states and higher than every bordering state (Alabama and Georgia)¹⁹.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic48.3% 73.5%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)29.2%

Black, not Hispanic13.9% 17.3%

Two or more races, not Hispanic4.6%

Asian, not Hispanic3.1% 4.4%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.7%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.2% 1.9%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.0% 0.2%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	48.3%	±0.1	73.5%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	29.2%		–
Black, not Hispanic	13.9%	±0.1	17.3%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	4.6%	±0.1	–
Asian, not Hispanic	3.1%		4.4%
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.7%	±0.1	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.2%		1.9%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.0%		0.2%

The Hispanic share in the survey has risen from 21.5% in 2009, while the non-Hispanic white share has fallen from 62.0%²¹ in 2005.

FloridaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Florida	United States
2009	21.5% ±0.0	15.8% ±0.0
2010	22.6%	16.4% ±0.0
2011	22.9% ±0.0	16.7% ±0.0
2012	23.2%	16.9% ±0.0
2013	23.6%	17.1% ±0.0
2014	24.1%	17.3% ±0.0
2015	24.5% ±0.0	17.6% ±0.0
2016	24.9% ±0.0	17.8% ±0.0
2017	25.6% ±0.0	18.1% ±0.0
2018	26.1% ±0.0	18.3% ±0.0
2019	26.4% ±0.0	18.4% ±0.0
2021	26.8%	18.8% ±0.0
2022	27.1%	19.1% ±0.0
2023	27.4% ±0.0	19.4% ±0.0
2024	28.7% ±0.0	20.0% ±0.0
2025	29.2%	20.5% ±0.0

What sets Florida apart is the mix of origins. Nationally, people of Mexican origin are by far the largest Hispanic group; in Florida they were 3.3% of the population in 2020–2024, 8.0 percentage points below the US figure (11.3%). Cubans were 7.3%, Puerto Ricans 5.6% and South Americans 5.5%, each several times their national share. Central Americans (3.0%) and Dominicans (1.3%²²) add smaller groups.

Non-Hispanic Black residents were 13.9% of the population in 2025, 2.2 percentage points above the US figure (11.7%); counting everyone who reported Black alone or with another race, the share was 17.3%²⁰. Florida has more people of Haitian ancestry than any other state, 442,298 (±27,642), and more of Jamaican ancestry, 302,715²³. Non-Hispanic Asian residents were 3.1%, 3.4 percentage points below the US figure (6.5%)²; the largest Asian group is Asian Indian, with 199,343²⁴ people in 2020–2024.

Languages spoken at home

31.4% of residents aged five and older spoke a language other than English at home in 2025, the 5th highest share and 8.5 percentage points above the US figure (22.9%). Spanish accounts for most of it (23.4%²⁵). Next comes Haitian, spoken at home by 405,684 people, the largest number in the country, followed by Portuguese (199,972²⁶).

12.6% of residents aged five and older speak English less than "very well", the 4th highest share, 4.1 percentage points above the US figure (8.5%) but down from 13.5% in 2024²⁵.

Florida's population by age

Florida's median age was 43.1 years (±0.1 years) in 2025, the 5th oldest of any state after Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire and West Virginia, and 3.6 years above the US figure (39.5 years). It has risen steadily, up from 39.5 years in 2005²¹. Women are older than men: their median age is 44.6 years, against 41.5 years³ for men.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.49	2.39	2.76	2.65
5-9	2.67	2.56	2.96	2.83
10-14	2.75	2.64	3.08	2.95
15-19	2.95	2.83	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.03	2.93	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.18	3.08	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.12	3.09	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.19	3.26	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.07	3.18	3.21	3.27
45-49	2.85	2.99	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.88	3.06	2.83	2.96
55-59	2.99	3.24	2.86	3.02
60-64	3.22	3.58	2.96	3.21
65-69	3.03	3.48	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.59	3.09	2.26	2.64
75-79	2.17	2.61	1.71	2.08
80-84	1.38	1.73	1.00	1.32
85+	1.10	1.60	0.78	1.28

The pyramid is top-heavy. On July 1, 2025, 22.8% of Floridians were 65 or older, 3.9 percentage points above the US figure (18.9%), a share tied for 4th highest with Delaware and higher than every bordering state (Alabama and Georgia). In absolute numbers the state had 5,346,788 residents of that age, the 2nd most after California. That group grew by 766,195 (16.7%) between 2020 and 2025, faster than the national increase of 8,669,081 (15.5%), while the number of children under 18 grew by 166,093 (3.9%). Children are 18.9% of the population, the 7th lowest¹⁹ share.

Utah 13.0%Maine 24.6%

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each dot is a state. Period: July 1, 2025.

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State	65 and older
Maine	24.6%
Vermont	24.1%
New Hampshire	23.0%
Florida	22.8%
Delaware	22.8%
Hawaii	22.6%
West Virginia	22.5%
Montana	22.2%
Pennsylvania	21.4%
New Mexico	21.1%
South Carolina	21.1%
Oregon	21.0%
Rhode Island	20.9%
Wisconsin	20.8%
Wyoming	20.7%
Arizona	20.6%
Michigan	20.5%
Connecticut	20.4%
Ohio	20.2%
Iowa	20.1%
Massachusetts	19.9%
Missouri	19.6%
Alabama	19.4%
South Dakota	19.4%
Mississippi	19.3%
New York	19.3%
Minnesota	19.1%
Arkansas	19.0%
North Carolina	18.9%
Kansas	18.9%
Kentucky	18.8%
Louisiana	18.8%
Illinois	18.7%
Idaho	18.7%
Tennessee	18.6%
New Jersey	18.5%
Indiana	18.4%
Virginia	18.4%
Maryland	18.4%
Nevada	18.3%
Washington	18.3%
Nebraska	18.3%
Oklahoma	18.0%
North Dakota	17.9%
California	17.5%
Colorado	17.1%
Georgia	16.7%
Alaska	15.8%
Texas	14.9%
District of Columbia	13.6%
Utah	13.0%

At the oldest ages Florida stands out further. Residents 85 and older are 2.7% of the population, the 2nd highest share after Hawaii. For every 100 residents aged 18 to 64 there are 39.1 aged 65 and older, 24% above the US figure (31.5) and up from 36.0 in 2020¹⁹.

An older population has other measurable effects. Women outnumber men by 649,308 (±16,518²⁷), a ratio of 94.6²⁸ males per 100 females. 23.0% of residents have Medicare coverage, 3.4 percentage points above the US figure (19.6%)²⁹. The share of people 16 and older who are working or looking for work, the labor force participation rate, was 57.8% in 2025, the 5th lowest³⁰ of any state; the measure counts retirees in its denominator.

Density and land: urban, coastal and part water

Florida had 437.3 people per square mile in 2025, the 8th most densely populated state and denser than every bordering state (Alabama and Georgia)³¹. At the 2020 Census 91.5% of residents lived in urban areas, the 5th highest share, and only 8.5%³² in rural areas. Water covers 24.9% of the state's total area of 71,404 square miles, the 5th highest share; by land area alone, 53,655 square miles, Florida is the 26th largest³³ state. This site covers states, not cities or counties.

Income, poverty and the cost of housing

The median Florida household had income of $80,846 (±$521) in 2025, $3,934 (5%) below the US figure ($84,780); allowing for the margins of error, the state ranks between 26th and 33rd⁴. At the top of the distribution Florida looks different: 72,950 tax returns reported income of $1 million or more in 2023, the 2nd most of any state, and those returns held 26.4% of all income reported in the state, 9.8 percentage points above the US figure (16.6%)³⁴.

FloridaUnited States

Under $25,00013.8% 14.0%

$25,000–$49,99916.4% 15.4%

$50,000–$99,99929.6% 27.8%

$100,000–$199,99927.3% 28.0%

$200,000 or more12.9% 14.8%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Share of households in each band of income in the past 12 months, in 2025 dollars.

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Household income	Florida	MOE	United States
Under $25,000	13.8%	±0.3	14.0%
$25,000–$49,999	16.4%	±0.3	15.4%
$50,000–$99,999	29.6%	±0.4	27.8%
$100,000–$199,999	27.3%	±0.4	28.0%
$200,000 or more	12.9%	±0.3	14.8%

The official poverty rate was 11.2% (±0.3 percentage points), 0.6 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%) and down from 12.0% in 2024. Poverty among residents 65 and older ran the other way: 12.1%, 0.9 percentage points above the US figure (11.2%)⁵. The Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure, which counts taxes, benefits and necessary expenses such as medical costs and adjusts for local housing costs, puts Florida at 16.4% for 2023 to 2025, the 4th highest rate of any state, against 11.3%³⁶ on the official measure from the same survey.

Of the price components, housing stands furthest above the national level. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts Florida's overall price level at 103.4 (US = 100) for 2024, but housing costs at 122.1, 21% above the US figure (100.6)³⁷. Median gross rent was $1,866 in 2025, $309 (20%) above the US figure ($1,557)³⁸. 61.3% of renter households were cost-burdened, meaning rent took at least three-tenths of their income, the highest in the nation; 31.4%³⁹ spent half or more. Among owners with a mortgage, 38.9% were cost-burdened by the same test, 8.2 percentage points above the US figure (30.7%)⁴⁰.

FloridaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Florida	United States
2005	$1,334 ±$8	$1,200 ±$3
2006	$1,393 ±$6	$1,218 ±$3
2007	$1,436 ±$8	$1,225 ±$3
2008	$1,416 ±$9	$1,232 ±$3
2009	$1,429 ±$9	$1,264 ±$3
2010	$1,398 ±$7	$1,262 ±$3
2011	$1,358 ±$9	$1,247 ±$3
2012	$1,338 ±$7	$1,240 ±$3
2013	$1,343 ±$6	$1,251 ±$3
2014	$1,364 ±$10	$1,270 ±$3
2015	$1,421 ±$7	$1,303 ±$3
2016	$1,457 ±$8	$1,316 ±$3
2017	$1,482 ±$7	$1,329 ±$3
2018	$1,515 ±$8	$1,356 ±$3
2019	$1,559 ±$9	$1,381 ±$3
2021	$1,602 ±$8	$1,415 ±$2
2022	$1,678 ±$13	$1,430 ±$3
2023	$1,816 ±$11	$1,486 ±$3
2024	$1,860 ±$9	$1,526 ±$3
2025	$1,866 ±$11	$1,557 ±$4

In 2025 dollars, Florida's median rent rose from $1,334 in 2005 to $1,860²¹ in 2024, with the sharpest increases in 2022 and 2023; the 2025 median was not statistically different from $1,860 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)³⁸. The housing stock is newer than the nation's: 19.4% of units were built in 2010 or later, 4.5 percentage points above the US figure (14.9%), and only 1.8%⁴¹ before 1940. The median home was built in 1991⁴², and 13.6% of housing units were vacant in 2025, a count that includes homes held for seasonal use, 4.0 percentage points above the US figure (9.6%)⁴³.

Catholic and Evangelical, almost level

Florida's two largest religious traditions are nearly the same size. In the 2020 U.S. Religion Census Catholic parishes counted 19.0% of residents and Evangelical Protestant churches 18.4%. The Catholic Church is the largest single body, but non-denominational churches are second (9.4%) and have far more congregations: 3,287, against 559⁴⁴ Catholic parishes.

Synagogues in Florida counted 108,841 members, the 4th most number of any state, and Christian congregations 45.4% of the population. The overall rate, 47.1%⁴⁴, compares with 39.1%⁴⁵ in the 2010 study; because more churches were counted in 2020, the rise is not a clean measure of change. The figures are congregations' own lists, not residents' answers (about the source).

Health, education and veterans

10.5% of Floridians had no health insurance in 2025, tied for 8th highest among the states, 2.1 percentage points above the US figure (8.4%) and down from 10.9% in 2024⁴⁶. Life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years in 2022, 0.4 years above the US figure (77.5 years)⁴⁷. Among adults 25 and older, 36.7% held a bachelor's degree or higher, 0.7 percentage points below the US figure (37.4%)⁴⁸, up from 25.1%²¹ in 2005.

Florida is home to 1,318,557 veterans, the 2nd highest number of any state after Texas, or 7.0% of civilians 18 and older, 1.1 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%)⁴⁹.