Median household income by state
The District of Columbia had the highest median household income in 2025, $109,505, followed by New Jersey ($107,797) and Maryland ($107,700). Mississippi had the lowest ($59,346), then West Virginia ($61,340) and Louisiana ($65,139). The figure for the United States was $84,7801.
Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19013; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: 2025.
| 1 | District of Columbia | $109,505 | ±$7,573 | 1st–8th | Higher | Not significant | $169,085 | $76,451 | 26.2% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | New Jersey | $107,797 | ±$1,374 | 1st–6th | Higher | Not significant | $132,309 | $56,593 | 23.0% |
| 3 | Maryland | $107,700 | ±$1,661 | 1st–6th | Higher | Not significant | $136,174 | $55,725 | 22.4% |
| 4 | New Hampshire | $106,759 | ±$2,502 | 1st–6th | Higher | +$4,351 | $132,735 | $56,994 | 20.1% |
| 5 | Massachusetts | $106,539 | ±$1,459 | 1st–6th | Higher | Not significant | $138,434 | $59,933 | 23.8% |
| 6 | Hawaii | $105,013 | ±$3,065 | 1st–8th | Higher | Not significant | $122,507 | $49,530 | 20.1% |
| 7 | California | $102,159 | ±$390 | 5th–8th | Higher | −$625 | $118,910 | $52,079 | 21.7% |
| 8 | Washington | $101,946 | ±$719 | 5th–8th | Higher | Not significant | $123,567 | $56,777 | 20.4% |
| 9 | Connecticut | $100,056 | ±$1,570 | 9th–12th | Higher | Not significant | $129,875 | $58,121 | 20.5% |
| 10 | Colorado | $99,729 | ±$1,273 | 9th–12th | Higher | Not significant | $125,494 | $55,438 | 18.8% |
| 11 | Virginia | $99,322 | ±$1,105 | 9th–13th | Higher | +$4,809 | $123,623 | $53,931 | 19.8% |
| 12 | Utah | $99,311 | ±$2,056 | 9th–13th | Higher | Not significant | $114,618 | $43,702 | 16.1% |
| 13 | Alaska | $95,220 | ±$4,301 | 11th–16th | Higher | Not significant | $117,023 | $48,244 | 16.5% |
| 14 | Delaware | $92,520 | ±$3,776 | 13th–17th | Higher | Not significant | $115,045 | $47,996 | 14.7% |
| 15 | Minnesota | $92,297 | ±$1,085 | 13th–16th | Higher | +$2,888 | $119,910 | $50,187 | 14.8% |
| 16 | Rhode Island | $91,039 | ±$2,617 | 13th–17th | Higher | +$5,338 | $116,516 | $51,082 | 15.2% |
| 17 | New York | $89,210 | ±$934 | 15th–17th | Higher | Not significant | $110,874 | $53,067 | 18.6% |
| 18 | Oregon | $86,953 | ±$1,920 | 18th–22nd | Higher | Not significant | $109,122 | $47,424 | 13.9% |
| 19 | Illinois | $86,676 | ±$814 | 18th–21st | Higher | +$1,275 | $110,453 | $48,423 | 15.1% |
| 20 | Vermont | $86,018 | ±$2,458 | 18th–22nd | Not significant | Not significant | $113,115 | $50,244 | 13.0% |
| 21 | Nevada | $85,198 | ±$1,837 | 18th–22nd | Not significant | Not significant | $102,251 | $45,206 | 13.4% |
| 22 | Idaho | $84,234 | ±$1,941 | 19th–27th | Not significant | Not significant | $100,356 | $41,816 | 11.2% |
| 23 | Arizona | $82,940 | ±$1,117 | 22nd–29th | Lower | Not significant | $100,681 | $44,729 | 12.6% |
| 24 | Texas | $82,625 | ±$670 | 22nd–29th | Lower | Not significant | $100,546 | $43,008 | 13.9% |
| 25 | Georgia | $81,847 | ±$761 | 23rd–31st | Lower | Not significant | $100,304 | $43,451 | 13.0% |
| 26 | Maine | $81,760 | ±$1,561 | 22nd–33rd | Lower | +$3,307 | $104,929 | $47,895 | 11.6% |
| 27 | Nebraska | $81,614 | ±$1,319 | 23rd–33rd | Lower | +$3,228 | $105,058 | $44,794 | 11.5% |
| 28 | North Dakota | $81,545 | ±$2,073 | 22nd–33rd | Lower | Not significant | $108,002 | $46,860 | 10.8% |
| 29 | Pennsylvania | $81,473 | ±$603 | 25th–32nd | Lower | +$1,888 | $104,948 | $46,604 | 13.2% |
| 30 | Wyoming | $80,894 | ±$3,128 | 22nd–35th | Lower | Not significant | $99,463 | $47,371 | 11.2% |
| 31 | Florida | $80,846 | ±$521 | 26th–33rd | Lower | +$1,066 | $98,654 | $46,222 | 12.9% |
| 32 | South Dakota | $80,506 | ±$1,946 | 25th–33rd | Lower | Not significant | $101,402 | $43,435 | 8.9% |
| 33 | Wisconsin | $80,213 | ±$703 | 27th–33rd | Lower | Not significant | $103,004 | $45,542 | 10.7% |
| 34 | Kansas | $77,824 | ±$1,333 | 33rd–37th | Lower | Not significant | $99,437 | $42,887 | 11.1% |
| 35 | North Carolina | $77,638 | ±$876 | 34th–37th | Lower | +$1,734 | $97,888 | $44,003 | 12.0% |
| 36 | Montana | $77,099 | ±$2,479 | 33rd–42nd | Lower | Not significant | $102,291 | $43,786 | 10.1% |
| 37 | Iowa | $76,483 | ±$958 | 34th–40th | Lower | Not significant | $100,318 | $42,709 | 9.5% |
| 38 | Tennessee | $75,875 | ±$816 | 36th–40th | Lower | +$1,984 | $93,964 | $42,757 | 10.9% |
| 39 | Michigan | $75,832 | ±$691 | 36th–40th | Lower | +$1,538 | $97,672 | $42,980 | 10.9% |
| 40 | Missouri | $75,485 | ±$937 | 36th–42nd | Lower | +$2,012 | $96,278 | $42,815 | 10.3% |
| 41 | Ohio | $74,804 | ±$615 | 39th–43rd | Lower | Not significant | $97,060 | $42,485 | 9.9% |
| 42 | Indiana | $74,516 | ±$875 | 39th–43rd | Lower | Not significant | $93,398 | $40,034 | 9.2% |
| 43 | South Carolina | $73,672 | ±$1,216 | 41st–43rd | Lower | Not significant | $91,783 | $42,152 | 10.4% |
| 44 | New Mexico | $70,342 | ±$1,508 | 44th | Lower | Not significant | $87,045 | $39,909 | 10.2% |
| 45 | Oklahoma | $68,441 | ±$911 | 45th–46th | Lower | Not significant | $87,764 | $37,314 | 8.3% |
| 46 | Alabama | $67,663 | ±$1,147 | 45th–47th | Lower | Not significant | $88,559 | $38,486 | 9.0% |
| 47 | Kentucky | $66,447 | ±$962 | 46th–49th | Lower | Not significant | $85,276 | $37,754 | 8.2% |
| 48 | Arkansas | $65,588 | ±$976 | 47th–49th | Lower | +$1,848 | $81,450 | $37,515 | 8.1% |
| 49 | Louisiana | $65,139 | ±$1,183 | 47th–49th | Lower | +$2,548 | $83,393 | $37,160 | 8.7% |
| 50 | West Virginia | $61,340 | ±$1,301 | 50th | Lower | Not significant | $78,719 | $35,709 | 6.3% |
| 51 | Mississippi | $59,346 | ±$1,510 | 51st | Lower | Not significant | $76,450 | $33,291 | 6.2% |
| United States | $84,780 | ±$215 | $105,101 | $47,171 | 14.8% |
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19013; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19113; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19301; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Period: 2025. "=" marks a tie at the displayed precision. Rank range: the ranks consistent with the 90% margins of error (Census Bureau method). "Compared with US" and changes use the Census Bureau significance test at 90% confidence; "Not significant" means the difference is within the margins of error.
No single richest state
Median household income is the income of the household in the middle: half of the state's households had more in the past 12 months, half had less. It comes from the American Community Survey, a sample survey, so every value carries a 90% margin of error, and the margins at the top of the list overlap.
The District of Columbia is first at $109,505, but its margin of error is ±$7,573, and its true rank lies between 1st and 8th. New Jersey ($107,797), Maryland ($107,700), New Hampshire ($106,759) and Massachusetts ($106,539) each rank between 1st and 6th, and Hawaii ($105,013) between 1st and 8th. Read the top six as a group, not as an order. California ($102,159) and Washington ($101,946) follow, each between 5th and 8th1. Connecticut, Colorado, Virginia and Utah form the next tier, each with a rank range starting at 9th.
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19013. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.
Show the numbers
| State | Median household income | MOE |
|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | $109,505 | ±$7,573 |
| New Jersey | $107,797 | ±$1,374 |
| Maryland | $107,700 | ±$1,661 |
| New Hampshire | $106,759 | ±$2,502 |
| Massachusetts | $106,539 | ±$1,459 |
| Hawaii | $105,013 | ±$3,065 |
| California | $102,159 | ±$390 |
| Washington | $101,946 | ±$719 |
| Connecticut | $100,056 | ±$1,570 |
| Colorado | $99,729 | ±$1,273 |
| Virginia | $99,322 | ±$1,105 |
| Utah | $99,311 | ±$2,056 |
| Alaska | $95,220 | ±$4,301 |
| Delaware | $92,520 | ±$3,776 |
| United States | $84,780 | ±$215 |
19 states, counting DC, are significantly above the national figure and 29 significantly below it. Vermont, Nevada and Idaho are not statistically different from the US. The state in the middle of the list, Maine, is at $81,760, $3,020 (4%) below the US figure ($84,780)1. The national figure is higher than the middle state because it is the median of all the country's households, not of the states, and the states above it include populous California, Washington, New Jersey and Virginia.
A band of low incomes across the South
Mississippi's median, $59,346 (±$1,510), is the lowest in the nation, $25,434 (30%) below the US figure ($84,780). It is lower than every bordering state (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Tennessee). West Virginia ($61,340), Louisiana ($65,139), Arkansas ($65,588), Kentucky ($66,447), Alabama ($67,663) and Oklahoma ($68,441) complete the bottom seven, all of them in the Census Bureau's South region. Of the ten lowest, only New Mexico ($70,342) is in the West and Indiana ($74,5161) in the Midwest.
The South also contains the top of the list, because the Census Bureau places the District of Columbia1, Maryland, Delaware and Virginia in that region. Elsewhere the regional ranges are narrower:
- Northeast: from New Jersey ($107,797) down to Pennsylvania ($81,473). Pennsylvania and Maine are the only Northeastern states significantly below the national figure.
- West: from Hawaii ($105,013) to New Mexico ($70,342).
- Midwest: from Minnesota ($92,297), 15th highest, to Indiana ($74,516). Illinois ($86,6761) is the only other Midwestern state above the US.
Household, family or person: the unit changes the order
"Richest" depends on what is counted. The Census Bureau defines a household as everyone living in one housing unit, including people living alone, and a family as two or more people related by birth, marriage or adoption living together. Per capita income divides all income by all residents, children included.
| State | Median household income | Median family income | Per capita income (ACS) | Average household size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | $109,505 ±$7,573 | $169,085 ±$11,993 | $76,451 ±$2,210 | 1.97 ±0.03 |
| New Jersey | $107,797 ±$1,374 | $132,309 ±$1,429 | $56,593 ±$607 | 2.63 ±0.01 |
| Massachusetts | $106,539 ±$1,459 | $138,434 ±$2,031 | $59,933 ±$687 | 2.43 ±0.01 |
| Hawaii | $105,013 ±$3,065 | $122,507 ±$2,303 | $49,530 ±$1,177 | 2.78 ±0.03 |
| Utah | $99,311 ±$2,056 | $114,618 ±$1,831 | $43,702 ±$666 | 2.88 ±0.02 |
| Wyoming | $80,894 ±$3,128 | $99,463 ±$3,894 | $47,371 ±$1,995 | 2.24 ±0.03 |
| Mississippi | $59,346 ±$1,510 | $76,450 ±$1,799 | $33,291 ±$625 | 2.39 ±0.02 |
| United States | $84,780 ±$215 | $105,101 ±$283 | $47,171 ±$115 | 2.49 ±0.01 |
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19013; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19113; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19301; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25010. ± is the 90% margin of error.
- The District of Columbia pulls ahead on families and people. Its median family income, $169,085, is the highest in the nation, $63,984 (61%) above the US figure ($105,101), and its per capita income is $29,280 (62%) above the US figure ($47,171). Its households are the smallest of any state (1.97 people on average, against 2.49 nationally).
- Massachusetts moves up. It is 2nd highest on family income ($138,434) and 5th highest on household income.
- Utah moves down. Utah has the largest households in the country (2.886 people). Its median household income ranks 12th highest1, but income per resident is $3,469 (7%) below the US figure ($47,171): the same household income is shared among more people.
- Mississippi stays at the bottom. Its median family income, $76,450, ranks between 50th and 51st2, and its per capita income, $33,291, is $13,880 (29%) below the US figure ($47,171)3, the lowest of any state.
Hawaii and Wyoming after prices and other income
Two states show how far another measure can move a state. Hawaii's median household income is 6th highest, $20,233 (24%) above the US figure ($84,780)1. But its prices in 2024 were 10% above the US figure (100.0), its households are the second largest in the country (2.786 people), and the Bureau of Economic Analysis's real personal income per person, adjusted for prices, was $52,272: 5th lowest, $6,923 (12%) below the US figure ($59,195)7.
Wyoming goes the other way. Its median household income is $3,886 (5%) below the US figure ($84,780)1, yet its real personal income per person in 2024, $75,501, was 2nd highest7, behind only DC. The two measures count different things. The survey asks households about their money income before taxes; BEA personal income is income received by persons from all sources, including income from assets and government transfer payments, divided over the whole population. A state where a small number of residents receive large investment incomes can rank high per person and middling at the median.
Prices in each state are on the cost of living ranking; income per person on the per capita income ranking.
Twenty years of incomes, in 2025 dollars
Adjusted for inflation, the national median was $76,2288 in 2005 and $84,7801 in 2025. The states did not move together.
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.
Show the numbers
| Year | District of Columbia | Utah | Connecticut | Michigan | United States |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | $77,842 ±$3,188 | $79,017 ±$1,559 | $100,458 ±$1,339 | $75,893 ±$740 | $76,228 ±$171 |
| 2006 | $82,797 ±$1,950 | $81,937 ±$915 | $101,281 ±$1,316 | $75,347 ±$508 | $77,373 ±$131 |
| 2007 | $84,339 ±$3,081 | $85,569 ±$1,183 | $102,428 ±$1,265 | $74,453 ±$599 | $78,785 ±$116 |
| 2008 | $86,632 ±$3,592 | $84,683 ±$1,054 | $102,570 ±$1,691 | $72,658 ±$630 | $77,799 ±$109 |
| 2009 | $88,973 ±$2,566 | $82,711 ±$1,205 | $100,594 ±$1,490 | $67,912 ±$537 | $75,364 ±$111 |
| 2010 | $89,919 ±$2,274 | $80,825 ±$923 | $94,538 ±$1,612 | $67,049 ±$452 | $73,889 ±$94 |
| 2011 | $90,346 ±$3,445 | $79,962 ±$1,152 | $94,109 ±$1,222 | $65,810 ±$472 | $72,281 ±$104 |
| 2012 | $93,365 ±$2,861 | $79,996 ±$1,033 | $94,336 ±$1,213 | $65,707 ±$464 | $72,034 ±$74 |
| 2013 | $93,383 ±$4,675 | $82,601 ±$1,053 | $92,728 ±$1,462 | $66,713 ±$522 | $72,209 ±$90 |
| 2014 | $97,436 ±$2,714 | $82,849 ±$895 | $95,260 ±$1,126 | $67,788 ±$524 | $72,969 ±$126 |
| 2015 | $102,726 ±$3,386 | $85,454 ±$1,661 | $96,910 ±$1,064 | $69,388 ±$331 | $75,760 ±$115 |
| 2016 | $101,283 ±$4,582 | $88,501 ±$1,281 | $98,502 ±$1,421 | $70,412 ±$539 | $77,287 ±$154 |
| 2017 | $108,188 ±$3,482 | $89,782 ±$1,614 | $97,413 ±$1,767 | $72,118 ±$578 | $79,246 ±$113 |
| 2018 | $109,238 ±$4,377 | $91,560 ±$950 | $97,885 ±$1,181 | $72,691 ±$521 | $79,409 ±$121 |
| 2019 | $116,188 ±$3,144 | $95,428 ±$1,376 | $99,273 ±$1,710 | $75,033 ±$720 | $82,750 ±$149 |
| 2021 | $107,035 ±$4,131 | $94,394 ±$1,480 | $99,529 ±$1,321 | $75,443 ±$625 | $82,832 ±$159 |
| 2022 | $111,137 ±$3,011 | $98,092 ±$1,988 | $97,279 ±$1,857 | $73,690 ±$743 | $82,236 ±$163 |
| 2023 | $114,333 ±$7,234 | $98,707 ±$1,461 | $96,852 ±$1,556 | $73,098 ±$733 | $82,117 ±$197 |
| 2024 | $112,594 ±$4,258 | $99,201 ±$1,210 | $98,576 ±$1,872 | $74,294 ±$582 | $83,751 ±$131 |
| 2025 | $109,505 ±$7,573 | $99,311 ±$2,056 | $100,056 ±$1,570 | $75,832 ±$691 | $84,780 ±$215 |
- The District of Columbia went from $77,842 in 2005, close to the national figure, to $109,505, the largest change of any state over the period.
- Utah and Washington come next: Utah from $79,017 to $99,311, Washington from $81,206 to $101,946. Idaho and Oregon, both well below the national figure in 2005, are now at or above it.
- Connecticut and Michigan ended the period about where they began. Connecticut's median was $100,458 in 2005 and $100,056 in 2025; Michigan's was $75,893 and $75,832, with a dip to $67,9128 in 2009 between them. Connecticut ranked near the top in 2005 and is now 9th highest1.
The line has no point for 2020: the Census Bureau did not release standard 2020 one-year estimates because the pandemic disrupted data collection.
Over the last year, the national median rose by $1,029 (1.2%), up from $83,751 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars). In most states the one-year change was within the margin of error. Among those with a significant change, Virginia reached $99,322, up from $94,513 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars); New Hampshire $106,759, up from $102,408 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars); and Louisiana $65,139, up from $62,591 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars). California was the only state where the median went down: $102,159, down from $102,784 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)1.
The two ends of the distribution
A median says nothing about how far incomes spread. In the District of Columbia, 26.2% of households had income of $200,000 or more in 2025; in Mississippi, 6.2%. At the other end, 21.5% of Mississippi households had less than $25,000, against 9.9% in New Hampshire4, the lowest share in the country.
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Share of households in each band of income in the past 12 months, in 2025 dollars.
Show the numbers
| Household income | Mississippi | MOE | New Jersey |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under $25,000 | 21.5% | ±0.9 | 10.7% |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 21.7% | ±0.9 | 12.0% |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 29.0% | ±1.0 | 23.7% |
| $100,000–$199,999 | 21.7% | ±0.8 | 30.6% |
| $200,000 or more | 6.2% | ±0.4 | 23.0% |
New York shows why the median and the spread are separate questions. On the Gini index of household income inequality it is the most unequal state (0.519), while its median household income is 17th highest1. Connecticut is the 3rd most unequal. New Hampshire combines a top-six median with 9.9%4 of households under $25,000 and one of the lowest Gini values (0.4429). The income inequality ranking has every state.
Reading these figures
- Median, not average. The median splits households into two equal halves; the mean divides total income by the number of households and is pulled up by the highest incomes. Sites that show "average income" by state report a different, higher number.
- Before taxes, in cash. The survey counts money income such as earnings before deductions for taxes, and leaves out noncash benefits such as food stamps. Prices are not adjusted between states.
- One year, 2025. These are 2025 one-year estimates in 2025 dollars, released on October 29, 2026. Earlier years on this page are converted to 2025 dollars with the consumer price index (CPI-U). The 2026 estimates are expected around September 2027.
- Use the rank ranges. Small states have wide margins: Wyoming's median is $80,894 (±$3,128), so its rank lies between 22nd and 35th1. The table shows the range for every state.
- DC is a city. The District of Columbia has no rural areas, so it is not directly comparable with a whole state.
- The site covers states only. County and city incomes are published by the Census Bureau but are not ranked here.
Questions about income by state
What is the richest state in the US?
By median household income, New Jersey is highest among the 50 states ($107,797, ±$1,374), and the District of Columbia is higher still ($109,5051). The margins of error are wide enough that New Jersey, Maryland, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Hawaii and DC could each be first. By the share of households with income of $200,000 or more, DC (26.2%) and Massachusetts (23.8%4) lead.
What is the poorest state by income?
Mississippi. Its median household income in 2025 was $59,346 (±$1,510), $25,434 (30%) below the US figure ($84,780)1. It is also at the bottom on family income and on income per person. For the share of residents below the poverty line, see the poverty rate ranking.
What is the median household income in the United States?
$84,780 (±$215) in 2025, according to the American Community Survey, up from $83,751 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)1. Half of all households had more income than that and half had less.
Which states have the most households earning $200,000 or more?
As a share of households: the District of Columbia (26.2%), Massachusetts (23.8%) and New Jersey (23.0%), against 14.8% nationally. In number, California has the largest population and about 3.0 million4 such households.
Related rankings
Sources
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19013; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19113; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19301; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25010; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- BEA, SARPP Regional Price Parities by state; 2024; released February 19, 2026. apps.bea.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025; 2005-2025 (no standard 2020 1-year release); released October 29, 2026. api.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19083; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.