New Jersey population, people and places of origin

How many people live in New Jersey

New Jersey's population reached 9,548,215 on July 1, 2025, its highest count or estimate to date and 2.79% of the US total. It is the 11th largest state, the same place it held at the 2020 Census. Among its neighbors, it is larger than Delaware; smaller than New York and Pennsylvania¹.

The population has risen at every census since the first one in 1790, which counted 184,139 people. Growth has slowed over time: the population in July 2025 was 5.1 times the 1900 count but only 1.1 times¹ the count of 2000. New Jersey ranked 8th of 51 at the 1950 Census and 8th of 51⁹ in 1970, 9th of 51 in 2000 and 11th of 51⁶ in 2010.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	New Jersey
1790	184,139
1800	211,149
1810	245,562
1820	277,575
1830	320,823
1840	373,306
1850	489,555
1860	672,035
1870	906,096
1880	1,131,116
1890	1,444,933
1900	1,883,669
1910	2,537,167
1920	3,155,900
1930	4,041,334
1940	4,160,165
1950	4,835,329
1960	6,066,782
1970	7,168,164
1980	7,364,823
1990	7,730,188
2000	8,414,350
2010	8,791,894
2020	9,288,994
2021	9,266,509
2022	9,298,402
2023	9,395,315
2024	9,506,354
2025	9,548,215

The largest Asian Indian share of any state

471,054 New Jersey residents (±15,359) reported Asian Indian origin in 2025, 4.9%¹⁰ of the population. On the 2020–2024 figures used to compare states, New Jersey's share was 4.6%, about twice that of second-placed California (2.3%). By number of people it ranks 3rd largest, after California and Texas¹¹, states with far larger populations.

Asian Indian residents are the largest Asian group in the state, followed by Chinese (1.8%), Filipino (1.4%) and Korean (1.1%) residents. The Korean share is the 3rd highest in the country and the Pakistani share (0.52%) the 3rd highest¹¹. Residents who reported Asian as their only race numbered 1,066,332¹⁰. The figures below count each group alone or with other Asian groups, and a second column adds people who also reported another race; the two columns overlap.

Languages spoken at home show the same pattern. 107,874 residents aged five and older speak Gujarati, more than in any other state, and New Jersey also has the highest¹⁴ shares of people who speak Hindi (94,930), Telugu (38,869) and Tamil (27,576¹³).

Growth without help from other states

The Census Bureau splits population change into three parts: births minus deaths, net moves to and from other states (net domestic migration) and net migration from abroad. In New Jersey the second part has been negative in every year since 2020 and the other two have been positive.

Births+100,999

Deaths−74,976

Net domestic migration−37,428

Net international migration+53,064

Residual (estimation adjustment)+202

Total change+41,861

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	100,999
Deaths	−74,976
Net domestic migration	−37,428
Net international migration	53,064
Residual (estimation adjustment)	202
Total change	41,861

In the year to June 2025, New Jersey recorded 100,999 births and 74,976 deaths, a natural increase of 26,023, the 5th highest of any state. Net international migration added 53,064, down from 121,069 a year earlier. Net domestic migration was −37,428, the 4th lowest¹ figure in the country, as it was in each of the four years before.

Over five years, from April 2020 to June 2025, births exceeded deaths by 101,219 and net arrivals from abroad totaled 379,828, while net migration to and from other states came to −222,194. The population rose by 259,191, or 2.79%, which is 0.3 percentage points below the US figure (3.10%)¹.

Where departing residents go

The Census Bureau's survey of movers counted 214,516 people (±12,931) who left New Jersey for another state in 2024 and 149,816 (±11,467) who arrived from one. Another 90,178¹⁵ people living in New Jersey in 2024 had lived abroad a year earlier.

The largest number of departures went to Pennsylvania (38,467), a flow not statistically different from the flow to New York (36,002). Florida was third, with 22,646. Arrivals came mostly from New York, which sent 56,799, a flow statistically larger than the flow from Pennsylvania¹⁵.

Moved to New Jersey from

New York56,799 ±8,244

Pennsylvania25,902 ±3,756

Florida12,121 ±3,185

California8,021 ±2,510

North Carolina4,950 ±2,047

Massachusetts4,041 ±1,776

Left New Jersey for

Pennsylvania38,467 ±4,874

New York36,002 ±5,753

Florida22,646 ±4,042

Texas11,078 ±3,309

Virginia11,018 ±2,698

California9,653 ±2,769

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
New York	56,799 ±8,244	36,002 ±5,753
Pennsylvania	25,902 ±3,756	38,467 ±4,874
Florida	12,121 ±3,185	22,646 ±4,042
California	8,021 ±2,510	9,653 ±2,769
North Carolina	4,950 ±2,047	9,282 ±3,207
Massachusetts	4,041 ±1,776	6,536 ±1,517
Texas	2,930 ±1,744	11,078 ±3,309
Virginia	3,328 ±1,632	11,018 ±2,698

Tax records show the same direction. Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, the net movement of filers and dependents into New Jersey was −29,871, the 4th lowest balance among the states, and departing households reported $13.6 billion of income against $11.0 billion¹⁶ for arriving ones.

What percent of New Jersey is white, Hispanic, Black and Asian

Non-Hispanic white residents made up 48.3% of New Jersey in 2025 (±0.1 percentage points), down from 49.5% in 2024², a statistically significant fall. The 2020 Census had put it at 51.9%¹⁷; non-Hispanic white residents are no longer a majority. The Census Bureau's population estimates, which use a different method, give 49.6% for July 2025, down from 53.0% in 2020¹⁸.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic48.3% 62.8%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)24.0%

Black, not Hispanic11.9% 15.5%

Asian, not Hispanic11.0% 12.5%

Two or more races, not Hispanic3.9%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.8%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.1% 2.1%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.0% 0.1%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	48.3%	±0.1	62.8%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	24.0%		–
Black, not Hispanic	11.9%	±0.2	15.5%
Asian, not Hispanic	11.0%	±0.1	12.5%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	3.9%	±0.2	–
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.8%	±0.1	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.1%		2.1%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.0%		0.1%

Hispanic or Latino residents, of any race, were 24.0%, up from 23.5% in 2024². Their origins differ from the national mix. People of Mexican origin are only 2.6% of the population, 8.7 percentage points below the US figure (11.3%), while South American (5.3%), Puerto Rican (5.1%), Dominican (4.0%) and Central American (3.1%²⁰) origins are all more common than in the country as a whole.

Non-Hispanic Black residents were 11.9%, down from 12.2% in 2024. Counting everyone who reported Black alone or with another race, the share is 15.5%, between 15th and 17th¹⁹ among the states. Non-Hispanic Asian residents were 11.0%, up from 10.5% in 2024². New Jersey's diversity index, which measures how likely two randomly chosen residents are to differ in race or ethnicity, is 68.1, tied for 6th most diverse²¹.

Italian, Irish, Hungarian and Egyptian roots

Ancestry is a separate survey question: people name the origins they identify with, and many give two. In 2025, 1.2 million New Jerseyans (12.5%) reported Italian ancestry and 1.0 million (10.9%²²) Irish. On the 2020–2024 figures, the Italian share was the 3rd highest in the country, after Connecticut and Rhode Island; the Irish share ranked 13th highest²³.

Several European ancestries are more concentrated here than in most states: New Jersey has the 2nd highest Hungarian share (0.74%), the 3rd highest Russian share and the 6th highest Polish share. Some ancestries that are common elsewhere are less so here: the English share (4.2%) is the lowest of any state, and so is the Scottish share. The 40,430 residents of Egyptian ancestry and 31,703²² of Turkish ancestry are the highest²³ shares of their groups in the nation.

A quarter of residents born abroad

2,380,189 New Jersey residents, 24.9% of the population (±0.3 percentage points), were born outside the United States in 2025. Only California has a larger share (27.2%). Of these immigrants, 48.5% were born in Latin America, 33.1% in Asia, 11.6% in Europe and 5.8% in Africa. 58.2% have become US citizens, the 8th highest²⁴ share.

California27.2% ±0.2

New Jersey24.9% ±0.3

New York23.4% ±0.3

Florida22.7% ±0.2

Nevada19.4% ±0.5

Massachusetts19.1% ±0.4

Texas18.5% ±0.2

Hawaii18.0% ±0.8

Maryland17.7% ±0.4

Washington16.6% ±0.3

United States14.7% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B05002. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

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State	Foreign-born share of population	MOE
California	27.2%	±0.2
New Jersey	24.9%	±0.3
New York	23.4%	±0.3
Florida	22.7%	±0.2
Nevada	19.4%	±0.5
Massachusetts	19.1%	±0.4
Texas	18.5%	±0.2
Hawaii	18.0%	±0.8
Maryland	17.7%	±0.4
Washington	16.6%	±0.3
United States	14.7%	±0.1

New Jersey naturalized 45,480²⁵ new citizens in the 2024 federal fiscal year, 4.8 per 1,000 residents. That is the highest in the nation, ahead of New York (4.3 per 1,000 residents) and 99% above the US figure (2.4 per 1,000 residents)²⁶. New lawful permanent residents (green card recipients) arrived at a rate of 6.1 per 1,000 residents, the 3rd highest²⁷.

At home, 34.0% of residents aged five and older speak a language other than English, the 3rd highest share; Spanish is the most common, at 17.7%. 13.3% speak English less than "very well", also the 3rd highest²⁸ share in the country. Among the larger language groups, New Jersey has the 3rd largest¹⁴ number of Portuguese speakers (88,857¹³).

The most densely populated state

With 1,298.2 people per square mile, New Jersey is the most densely populated of any state (the District of Columbia is higher); the District has 11,347.8 people per square mile. The US average is 96.7 people per square mile²⁹. The state's land area of 7,355 square miles is the 6th smallest, and water covers 15.6%³⁰ of its total area.

District of Columbia11,347.8

New Jersey1,298.2

Rhode Island1,078.0

Massachusetts917.1

Connecticut761.7

Maryland645.2

Delaware544.0

Florida437.3

United States96.7

Source: States Demographics, Computed. Period: July 1, 2025.

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State	People per sq mi
District of Columbia	11,347.8
New Jersey	1,298.2
Rhode Island	1,078.0
Massachusetts	917.1
Connecticut	761.7
Maryland	645.2
Delaware	544.0
Florida	437.3
United States	96.7

At the 2020 Census, 93.8% of residents lived in urban areas, the 4th highest share, and 6.2%³¹ in rural areas. This site covers states as a whole, not cities or counties.

Density shows in how people get to work. 9.9% of workers took public transportation in 2025, the 3rd highest³² share, and the average one-way commute, 32.2 minutes, was the 3rd longest³³ in the country. 11.2% of households have no vehicle, 2.4 percentage points above the US figure (8.8%)³⁴.

Age: more older residents, fewer children

New Jersey's median age is 40.2 years: the state is older than New York; younger than Delaware and Pennsylvania³. Residents aged 65 and older were 18.5% of the population on July 1, 2025, up from 16.5% in 2020 and lower than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania). Their number reached 1,767,250, up from 1,525,908 in 2020, while the number of children under 18 fell to 1,990,926, down from 2,009,455 in 2020¹⁸.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.80	2.68	2.76	2.65
5-9	2.90	2.77	2.96	2.83
10-14	3.02	2.90	3.08	2.95
15-19	3.22	3.03	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.17	3.02	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.36	3.22	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.36	3.39	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.45	3.53	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.25	3.37	3.21	3.27
45-49	3.04	3.19	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.94	3.13	2.83	2.96
55-59	3.03	3.29	2.86	3.02
60-64	3.08	3.36	2.96	3.21
65-69	2.73	3.10	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.12	2.53	2.26	2.64
75-79	1.57	2.02	1.71	2.08
80-84	0.95	1.34	1.00	1.32
85+	0.78	1.38	0.78	1.28

Births come later in life than nationally. In 2024 the birth rate among women aged 30 to 34 was 112.4 per 1,000 women aged 30 to 34, 20% above the US figure (93.7 per 1,000 women aged 30 to 34), while among women aged 25 to 29 it was 75.1 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29, 16% below the US figure (89.5 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29). The total fertility rate was 1.64³⁵ births per woman.

High incomes, high prices

The median household income of $107,797 (±$1,374) is $23,017 (27%) above the US figure ($84,780) and higher than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania). Allowing for the margins of error, New Jersey ranks between 1st and 6th⁴. 23.0% of households, 818,922 in all, had income of $200,000 or more, the 3rd highest share, and only 10.7%³⁶ had less than $25,000.

New JerseyUnited States

Under $25,00010.7% 14.0%

$25,000–$49,99912.0% 15.4%

$50,000–$99,99923.7% 27.8%

$100,000–$199,99930.6% 28.0%

$200,000 or more23.0% 14.8%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Share of households in each band of income in the past 12 months, in 2025 dollars.

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Household income	New Jersey	MOE	United States
Under $25,000	10.7%	±0.4	14.0%
$25,000–$49,999	12.0%	±0.4	15.4%
$50,000–$99,999	23.7%	±0.5	27.8%
$100,000–$199,999	30.6%	±0.6	28.0%
$200,000 or more	23.0%	±0.5	14.8%

Prices take back part of that lead. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts New Jersey's overall price level at 108.8 for 2024 (US = 100), the 4th most expensive, with housing rents at 134.3, the 3rd most expensive. Adjusted for those prices, personal income per person was $63,142 in 2024, $3,947 (7%) above the US figure ($59,195) but only the 12th highest³⁷ among the states.

Median gross rent was $1,885 a month in 2025, the 5th most expensive of any state and more expensive than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania)³⁸. The median owner-occupied home was valued at $530,800³⁹.

The official poverty rate was 8.7% (±0.4 percentage points), 3.1 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%). That is the 3rd lowest rate, though within the margins of error the state could rank anywhere between 41st and 50th counting from the highest. Child poverty was 10.6%, down from 11.7% in 2024⁵. The Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure, which accounts for taxes, benefits and local housing costs, tells a different story: averaged over 2023 to 2025 it was 12.1%, not statistically different from the US figure (13.0%), compared with 8.9%⁴⁰ on the official measure from the same survey.

Catholic parishes, synagogues and mosques

New Jersey's congregations count a larger share of residents than those of any neighboring state: 52.2% in the 2020 U.S. Religion Census, higher than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania). The Catholic Church accounts for most of them, with 32.0% of residents, the 3rd highest⁴¹ share among the states.

Readers also ask what percent of New Jersey is Jewish or Muslim. Synagogues counted 196,617 members, 2.12% of residents, and the mosque study estimated 321,652 people taking part in mosques, 3.46%. Both shares rank among the highest: 3rd highest and 3rd highest⁴¹ respectively. Neither is an estimate of the whole Jewish or Muslim population.

The counts are kept by congregations, not reported by residents; see religion across the states.

Households that stay together and stay put

New Jersey households are larger and more often families than in most states. Families make up 68.0% of households, the 3rd highest share, and married couples 50.1%⁴². The average household has 2.63 people, larger than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania)⁴³. Only 8.4% of people aged 15 and older are divorced, the 3rd lowest⁴⁴ share.

Residents also move less. In 2025, 90.9% lived in the same home as a year earlier, 2.5 percentage points above the US figure (88.4%); allowing for the margins of error, the state ranks between 1st and 4th⁴⁵ on this measure. Just 6.9% of housing units stood empty, the 3rd lowest⁴⁶ share, and the median home was built in 1970⁴⁷.

Health: long lives, few infant deaths

Life expectancy at birth was 79.6 years in 2022, the 3rd longest of any state and longer than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania)⁴⁸. The infant mortality rate in 2024, 3.4 per 1,000 live births, was the 2nd lowest, 39% below the US figure (5.5 per 1,000 live births)⁴⁹. 11.1% of residents have a disability, the 2nd lowest⁵⁰ share, and 7.7% had no health insurance in 2025, 0.7 percentage points below the US figure (8.4%)⁵¹.

Degrees, jobs and veterans

45.0% of adults aged 25 and older hold a bachelor's degree or higher (±0.5 percentage points), 7.6 percentage points above the US figure (37.4%) and higher than every bordering state (Delaware, New York and Pennsylvania); the state ranks between 4th and 7th. 18.8% have a graduate or professional degree. Associate's degrees are less common: 6.7%, a share that ranks tied for 2nd lowest⁵³.

The unemployment rate averaged 5.2% in 2025 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 0.9 percentage points above the US figure (4.3%). The preliminary rate for September 2026 was 4.2%, the same as the US figure (4.2%)⁵⁴.

Few residents are veterans. The 254,840 veterans living in New Jersey are 3.4% of civilian adults, the 2nd lowest share and 2.5 percentage points below the US figure (5.9%)⁵⁵.