GDP by state

What GDP by state measures

Gross domestic product by state is the value of the goods and services produced in a state in a year. The Bureau of Economic Analysis defines it as the market value of goods and services produced by the labor and property located in a state. It is the state version of national GDP. The US figure for 2025, $30.86 trillion¹, is slightly larger than the sum of the 50 states and DC.

The figures in this ranking are in current dollars and come from the BEA's annual state GDP file released on September 30, 2026. The median state economy is $342.3 billion, the size of Louisiana's: half of the states produce less than that, and the spread runs from $49.7 billion in Vermont to $4.30 trillion in California¹.

The ten largest state economies

California ($4.30 trillion) is well ahead of Texas ($2.93 trillion) and New York ($2.47 trillion). Next come Florida ($1.81 trillion), Illinois ($1.24 trillion) and Pennsylvania ($1.06 trillion¹), the last state with an economy above a trillion dollars.

California$4.30T

Texas$2.93T

New York$2.47T

Florida$1.81T

Illinois$1.24T

Pennsylvania$1.06T

Ohio$976.9B

Georgia$936.1B

North Carolina$895.9B

Washington$892.3B

Source: BEA, SAGDP1 State annual GDP summary. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	GDP
California	$4.30T
Texas	$2.93T
New York	$2.47T
Florida	$1.81T
Illinois	$1.24T
Pennsylvania	$1.06T
Ohio	$976.9B
Georgia	$936.1B
North Carolina	$895.9B
Washington	$892.3B

The rest of the top ten are Ohio ($976.9 billion), Georgia ($936.1 billion), North Carolina ($895.9 billion) and Washington ($892.3 billion). North Carolina and Washington are close together, and New Jersey, just outside the top ten, is close behind them at $887.8 billion¹.

The four largest economies belong to the four most populous states, but not in the same order. Florida has more residents than New York (it is the 3rd largest state by population, New York the 4th largest³), yet New York's GDP is the 3rd largest and Florida's the 4th largest¹.

Where output and population rank differently

Most states hold roughly the same place in the GDP ranking as in the population ranking. The exceptions show where output per resident is unusually high or low.

• Ranking higher on GDP than on population. The District of Columbia has the 3rd smallest population but the 16th smallest economy, larger than those of fifteen states. Washington ranks 10th largest on GDP and 13th largest on population; Massachusetts 12th largest and 16th largest; Nebraska 18th smallest and 14th smallest.
• Ranking lower on GDP than on population. Michigan is the 10th largest state by population but has the 14th largest economy. Missouri ranks 18th largest on population and 22nd largest on GDP, and Montana, the 9th smallest³ state by population, has the 4th smallest¹ economy.

Output per resident

Dividing GDP by population gives GDP per capita, a common way to compare economies of different sizes. For the US it was $90,294 in 2025. Only 17 states, counting DC, were above that figure and 34 were below; the median state was at $82,087¹.

The District of Columbia, at $278,205, is $187,911 (208%) above the US figure ($90,294). Among the states, New York ($123,273), Delaware ($115,043) and Massachusetts ($113,724) lead. Mississippi is lowest at $55,117, $35,177 (39%) below the US figure ($90,294), followed by Arkansas ($62,922) and West Virginia ($63,020¹). The full order, with personal income per person beside it, is in the GDP per capita ranking.

Small economies can rank high per resident. North Dakota has the 6th smallest GDP but the 8th highest GDP per capita, the highest in the Midwest. Delaware has the 10th smallest economy and the 3rd highest¹ output per resident.

GDP is not the income of a state's residents

GDP counts production where it takes place. Personal income, the other BEA state measure, counts what the people living in a state receive from wages, business income, dividends, interest, rents and government benefits; the BEA converts earnings from a place-of-work to a place-of-residence basis. Nationally, GDP was $30.86 trillion¹ in 2025 and personal income $26.33 trillion².

In most states GDP is the larger of the two, but the gap varies widely, and in a few states it runs the other way.

• District of Columbia. GDP of $193.0 billion against personal income of $83.1 billion for its residents, more than twice as much. Its personal income per resident ($119,772) is also the highest in the nation, but well below its GDP per resident.
• Delaware. GDP of $121.9 billion and personal income of $72.7 billion, the widest gap of any state relative to its size.
• New York. GDP of $2.47 trillion against personal income of $1.83 trillion.
• Florida, Montana and Wyoming. Here personal income is larger than GDP: $1.84 trillion against $1.81 trillion in Florida, $82.5 billion against $80.9 billion in Montana and $53.6 billion against $52.5 billion in Wyoming. In Maine the two are nearly equal ($101.5 billion² and $101.7 billion¹).

For questions about how well off residents are, personal income per person and median household income describe the people who live in a state more directly than GDP.

Largest and smallest economies by region

Each Census region has one dominant economy. In the West, California ($4.30 trillion) is the largest and Wyoming ($52.5 billion) the smallest. In the South, Texas leads with $2.93 trillion and West Virginia is smallest at $111.3 billion. New York ($2.47 trillion) tops the Northeast, which also contains the smallest economy in the country, Vermont. In the Midwest, Illinois ($1.24 trillion) is largest and South Dakota ($82.0 billion) smallest, just below North Dakota ($82.3 billion¹).

Reading the numbers correctly

• Current dollars or real GDP. The main column is in current 2025 dollars. Real GDP, in chained 2017 dollars ($23.94 trillion¹ for the US), removes inflation since 2017 and is the measure the BEA uses for growth rates. Use one or the other, not both, when comparing years.
• Real GDP is not adjusted for the cost of living. The BEA computes it by applying national price indexes to each state's industries, so it does not capture differences in prices between states. For state price levels, see the cost of living ranking.
• The District of Columbia is a city. Its GDP is compared with whole states here because the BEA publishes it alongside them, but its output per resident is not comparable with that of a state that includes rural areas.
• Revisions. The BEA revises state GDP regularly. The next quarterly release, for the third quarter of 2026, is expected on December 23, 2026, and may revise the 2025 annual figures; this page will be updated then.
• Output, not distribution. GDP measures the total value produced. It says nothing about how income is shared among residents; see income inequality by state.