Montana population: a large, thinly settled state filling with newcomers

Montana is among the most thinly settled states. Its 1.1 million¹ residents share the 4th largest land area of any state, 145,550 square miles⁹, which works out to 7.9 people per square mile, the 3rd least densely populated state after Alaska and Wyoming¹⁰. This site covers states only, so figures for Helena, Bozeman or other towns are not included.

How many people live in Montana

The July 1, 2025 estimate of 1,144,694 is the highest ever recorded for Montana, which is larger than North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming; smaller than Idaho¹. The estimates first passed one million in 2012 (1,005,475¹¹), and the state has added people every year since 2000.

MontanaIdahoWyomingNorth DakotaSouth DakotaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

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Year	Montana	Idaho	Wyoming	North Dakota	South Dakota	United States
2000	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2001	100.4	101.6	100.1	99.5	100.3	101.0
2002	100.9	103.2	101.2	99.4	100.6	101.9
2003	101.8	104.9	101.9	99.5	101.0	102.8
2004	102.9	107.1	103.0	100.4	101.9	103.8
2005	104.0	109.9	104.0	100.6	102.6	104.7
2006	105.4	113.0	105.7	101.2	103.6	105.7
2007	106.7	115.8	108.2	101.7	104.7	106.8
2008	108.0	118.1	110.5	102.4	105.7	107.8
2009	108.9	119.6	113.3	103.6	106.8	108.7
2010	109.6	120.9	114.2	105.2	108.0	109.6
2011	110.5	122.1	114.7	107.0	108.9	110.5
2012	111.3	123.2	116.4	109.9	110.2	111.4
2013	112.4	124.6	117.5	113.3	111.3	112.2
2014	113.4	126.3	117.5	116.0	112.1	113.1
2015	114.5	128.0	118.1	118.8	112.7	114.1
2016	115.7	130.6	117.7	119.1	113.9	115.0
2017	117.1	133.5	116.6	119.4	115.1	115.8
2018	118.0	136.2	116.3	120.2	115.8	116.4
2019	119.0	139.2	116.4	121.0	116.8	117.0
2020	120.3	142.3	116.9	121.4	117.5	117.5
2021	122.4	146.6	117.3	121.2	118.6	117.7
2022	124.1	149.5	117.7	121.5	120.3	118.4
2023	125.1	151.6	118.3	122.6	121.4	119.3
2024	125.9	154.0	118.7	123.6	122.7	120.5
2025	126.7	156.2	119.1	124.5	123.7	121.1

The largest one-year gain since 2000 came in the year to July 2021, when the estimate rose from 1,087,156 to 1,106,416. In all, Montana gained 60,473 people between April 2020 and July 2025, an increase of 5.58%. That rate was the 11th highest of any state, 2.5 percentage points above the US figure (3.10%), and higher than North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming; lower than Idaho. In the latest year, to July 2025, the population rose by 7,137, or 0.63%¹.

Nearly half of Montanans live outside urban areas. The 2020 Census classed 46.6% of residents as rural, the 5th highest share in the nation and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming). Nationally, the rural share was 20.0%¹³.

What percent of Montana is white

The answer depends on how race and Hispanic origin are counted:

• White, not Hispanic (survey): 81.8% in 2025 (±0.3 percentage points), down from 83.3% in 2024². This is the figure in the summary at the top of the page.
• White, not Hispanic (population estimates): 83.2% on July 1, 2025, the 5th highest share in the country and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming). It was down from 84.6% in 2020.
• White alone, any ethnicity: 87.1%, the 9th highest¹⁴.
• White alone or in combination with another race: 91.0%¹⁵ in 2025.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic81.8% 91.0%

Two or more races, not Hispanic5.8%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic5.3% 9.2%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)5.2%

Asian, not Hispanic1.1% 1.9%

Black, not Hispanic0.6% 1.2%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.3%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.2% 0.4%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	81.8%	±0.3	91.0%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	5.8%	±0.4	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	5.3%	±0.2	9.2%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	5.2%		–
Asian, not Hispanic	1.1%	±0.2	1.9%
Black, not Hispanic	0.6%	±0.1	1.2%
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.3%	±0.1	–
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.2%	±0.1	0.4%

On every definition the white share is far above the national one: the non-Hispanic white share from the survey is 26.8 percentage points above the US figure (55.0%)². The diversity index, the chance that two residents picked at random belong to different racial or ethnic groups, is 32.2, making Montana the 5th least diverse state and less diverse than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming)¹⁷.

Hispanic or Latino residents of any race are 5.3% of the population, up from 4.2% in 2020 and lower than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming). Asian residents (alone) are 1.0% of the population, a share tied for lowest¹⁴ among the states. The largest Asian groups are Filipino (2,669 people) and Chinese, except Taiwanese (1,966¹⁸), both 2020–2024 estimates.

What percent of Montana is Black

Montana has the smallest Black population share of any state. Black residents (alone, of any ethnicity) were 0.7% of the population on July 1, 2025, the lowest in the nation, 12.8 percentage points below the US figure (13.5%). Wyoming and Idaho follow, both at 1.2%¹⁴.

Maine2.9%

South Dakota2.6%

Oregon2.5%

New Hampshire2.1%

Hawaii2.0%

Vermont1.8%

Utah1.7%

Wyoming1.2%

Idaho1.2%

Montana0.7%

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Period: July 1, 2025.

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State	Black alone
Maine	2.9%
South Dakota	2.6%
Oregon	2.5%
New Hampshire	2.1%
Hawaii	2.0%
Vermont	1.8%
Utah	1.7%
Wyoming	1.2%
Idaho	1.2%
Montana	0.7%

The broader count, Black alone or in combination with another race, was 1.2% in the 2025 survey, again the lowest share (between 50th and 51st¹⁶ once margins of error are allowed for). The survey's non-Hispanic Black share was 0.6%, up from 0.3% in 2024².

Native Americans: the fifth-highest share

American Indian and Alaska Native residents make up a larger share of Montana than of all but four states. They were 6.4% of the population on July 1, 2025 (alone), the 5th highest share after Alaska, New Mexico, Oklahoma and South Dakota¹⁴. Counting people who are Native and another race, the share was 9.2% in 2025, 6.0 percentage points above the US figure (3.2%)¹⁹.

The 2020 Census recorded the tribes people named. The largest was the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana, with 15,237 people alone or in combination, followed by the Crow Tribe of Montana (10,373), the Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana (6,144) and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation (5,493²⁰). People can report more than one tribe, so these counts overlap and should not be added up.

In all, 60,510 Montanans reported American Indian as their only race in 2020, 2.8% of everyone in the US who did, the 9th largest²⁰ number of any state.

Growth since 2020: almost entirely people from other states

Of the three parts of population change (births minus deaths, moves between states, moves to and from abroad), only one has mattered much in Montana since 2020.

Births+58,554

Deaths−62,185

Net domestic migration+59,510

Net international migration+4,792

Residual (estimation adjustment)−198

Total change+60,473

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	58,554
Deaths	−62,185
Net domestic migration	59,510
Net international migration	4,792
Residual (estimation adjustment)	−198
Total change	60,473

Between April 2020 and June 2025, Montana gained 59,510 more residents from other states than it lost, the 13th highest net gain in the country and higher than North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming; lower than Idaho. That alone is close to the state's whole population gain over the period. Net international migration added 4,792, the 2nd lowest figure of any state, and natural change subtracted people: there were 58,554 births and 62,185 deaths, so births minus deaths came to −3,631. Montana is one of 20 states that recorded more deaths than births between April 2020 and June 2025¹.

The pull from other states peaked early. Net domestic migration was 20,693 in the year to June 2021, 15,474 in 2022, 9,017 in 2023 and 5,263 in 2024, before ticking up to 6,348 in the year to June 2025. Even at that lower level, Montana's gain relative to its size, 5.6 per 1,000 residents, was the 6th highest rate in the country, behind South Carolina, Idaho, North Carolina, Delaware and Tennessee. Domestic migration supplied 89%¹ of the state's growth that year.

The gap between deaths and births has narrowed: births minus deaths went from −1,781 in the year to June 2022 to −90 in the year to June 2025. The death rate, 10.0 per 1,000 residents, is higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming)¹.

Where Montana's newcomers come from

Almost half of the people living in Montana were born in another state: 45.7% in 2025, 18.7 percentage points above the US figure (27.0%). Just over half, 50.4%, were born in Montana itself. Many came from nearby: 22.9% of residents were born elsewhere in the West, and 12.6%²¹ in the Midwest, both well above the national shares.

Moved to Montana from

California4,872 ±1,563

Washington3,631 ±1,556

Colorado3,002 ±1,368

Arizona2,330 ±1,157

Texas2,147 ±910

Alaska1,767 ±1,621

Oregon1,606 ±1,198

Minnesota1,435 ±817

Left Montana for

Washington6,291 ±2,249

Arizona4,304 ±2,162

Oregon2,783 ±1,497

California2,531 ±925

Idaho2,214 ±1,018

North Dakota1,556 ±1,131

New Mexico1,419 ±1,480

Texas1,190 ±647

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
California	4,872 ±1,563	2,531 ±925
Washington	3,631 ±1,556	6,291 ±2,249
Colorado	3,002 ±1,368	–
Arizona	2,330 ±1,157	4,304 ±2,162
Texas	2,147 ±910	1,190 ±647
Alaska	1,767 ±1,621	–
Oregon	1,606 ±1,198	2,783 ±1,497
Minnesota	1,435 ±817	–
Idaho	1,318 ±693	2,214 ±1,018
North Dakota	–	1,556 ±1,131
New Mexico	–	1,419 ±1,480

The Census Bureau's survey of individual moves for 2024 counted 35,735 people moving to Montana from other states and 34,901 leaving for one. California sent the most people, 4,872, a number not statistically different from the flow from Washington; Washington, Colorado and Arizona came next. The largest outflow went to Washington, 6,291, not statistically different from the flow to Arizona. The survey's net figure for the year, 834 (±6,649²²), has a margin of error wider than the number itself, so it cannot settle whether more people arrived than left in that one year; the population estimates above, built from several sources, show a net gain.

Tax records also show a gain. On returns filed for 2022 and 2023, 5,332 more people moved to Montana than left, and the arriving households reported $500 million more income than the departing ones, a net income gain tied for 13th highest²³ among the states.

Census counts since 1870, and the smallest House districts

Montana's first census count, in 1870, was 20,595. The population rose to 548,889 in 1920, then dipped to 537,606²⁴ in 1930, the only fall between two censuses in the state's record. Today's population is 1.9 times¹ the 1950 count.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	Montana
1870	20,595
1880	39,159
1890	142,924
1900	243,329
1910	376,053
1920	548,889
1930	537,606
1940	559,456
1950	591,024
1960	674,767
1970	694,409
1980	786,690
1990	799,065
2000	902,195
2010	989,415
2020	1,084,225
2021	1,106,416
2022	1,121,533
2023	1,130,612
2024	1,137,557
2025	1,144,694

Rank has barely moved: Montana was 44th of 51²⁴ at the 1980 Census and still 44th of 51 in 2020. Between 2010 and 2020 its population grew 9.6%, 2.2 percentage points above the US figure (7.4%)⁶, and the 2020 apportionment gave the state 2 House seats, a change of +1. Each seat represents 542,704 people, the lowest in the nation; Delaware, at the other end, has 990,837²⁵ people per seat.

Montana population by age: more retirees than children

Montana's median age is 41.0 years (±0.4 years), 1.5 years above the US figure (39.5 years); allowing for margins of error, it is between 9th and 17th³ oldest. The sharper change is in the balance between age groups. On July 1, 2025 Montana had 253,772 residents aged 65 and older and 231,653 under 18. In 2020 it was the other way round: 217,211 older residents and 234,191¹⁴ children.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.52	2.41	2.76	2.65
5-9	2.82	2.70	2.96	2.83
10-14	3.08	2.95	3.08	2.95
15-19	3.24	3.02	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.50	3.20	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.16	2.95	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.23	3.08	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.38	3.24	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.30	3.20	3.21	3.27
45-49	2.96	2.85	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.67	2.60	2.83	2.96
55-59	2.70	2.72	2.86	3.02
60-64	3.08	3.27	2.96	3.21
65-69	3.27	3.51	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.96	3.12	2.26	2.64
75-79	2.19	2.31	1.71	2.08
80-84	1.25	1.39	1.00	1.32
85+	0.89	1.28	0.78	1.28

Residents 65 and older are 22.2% of the population, the 8th highest share, 3.3 percentage points above the US figure (18.9%) and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming). Children under 5 are 4.9%, down from 5.5% in 2020. Residents aged 18 to 64 make up only 57.6%, the 3rd lowest share of any state. As a result the dependency ratio, the number of children and older residents for every 100 people of working age, is 73.6, the 3rd highest¹⁴ in the nation.

Men slightly outnumber women: they are 50.2% of the population, a share that ranks tied for 6th highest¹⁴.

Incomes below the US, home values well above it

The median household income in Montana was $77,099 in 2025 (±$2,479), $7,681 (9%) below the US figure ($84,780) and lower than Idaho, North Dakota and South Dakota; not statistically different from Wyoming. Allowing for the survey's margins of error, Montana ranks between 33rd and 42nd⁴ from the top. Prices are lower than average: the Bureau of Economic Analysis puts Montana's overall price level at 94.6 for 2024 (US = 100), and its utilities at 72.3, the 4th least expensive in the country. On a different measure, the bureau's personal income per resident adjusted for those prices, Montana had $59,203 in 2024, against $59,195²⁶ for the US as a whole.

Home values are the exception. The median value of an owner-occupied home was $427,500 in 2025, $56,400 (15%) above the US figure ($371,100) and more expensive than North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming; less expensive than Idaho²⁷. In inflation-adjusted 2025 dollars, the median home was worth $216,937 in 2005 and $319,353 in 2019; over the same years the median household income went from $64,786 to $71,971, and it is $77,099²⁸ now.

MontanaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Montana	United States
2005	$216,937 ±$5,097	$276,116 ±$531
2006	$248,324 ±$4,186	$295,753 ±$781
2007	$263,962 ±$4,463	$301,692 ±$666
2008	$269,603 ±$5,286	$295,472 ±$677
2009	$264,563 ±$6,304	$277,919 ±$494
2010	$267,528 ±$5,204	$265,609 ±$431
2011	$263,492 ±$5,274	$248,464 ±$361
2012	$259,132 ±$4,845	$241,043 ±$360
2013	$262,715 ±$4,758	$240,327 ±$310
2014	$267,633 ±$5,189	$246,418 ±$458
2015	$284,566 ±$5,079	$264,192 ±$394
2016	$291,350 ±$5,180	$274,985 ±$626
2017	$303,792 ±$5,001	$285,798 ±$574
2018	$319,498 ±$4,913	$294,497 ±$469
2019	$319,353 ±$6,419	$302,856 ±$568
2021	$383,523 ±$7,818	$334,335 ±$537
2022	$403,068 ±$6,726	$353,015 ±$684
2023	$414,498 ±$7,974	$359,450 ±$603
2024	$436,593 ±$10,516	$370,088 ±$634
2025	$427,500 ±$6,599	$371,100 ±$646

Renting costs less. Median gross rent was $1,208, $349 (22%) below the US figure ($1,557)²⁹, but 48.7% of renters spent 30 percent or more of their income on housing, up from 42.7% in 2024³⁰. Homeowners are the majority: 69.4% of households own their home, 4.1 percentage points above the US figure (65.3%)³¹. Mobile homes are 9.3% of all housing units, 4.0 percentage points above the US figure (5.3%)³².

The official poverty rate was 11.1% (±0.8 percentage points), not statistically different from the US figure (11.8%). Child poverty, at 11.9%, was 2.9 percentage points below the US figure (14.8%)⁵. The Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure, which counts taxes, benefits and local housing costs, puts Montana at 9.5% on average for 2023 to 2025, 3.5 percentage points below the US figure (13.0%)³³. Food assistance reaches fewer people than in most states: an average of 79,828 people received SNAP each month in fiscal 2025, 7.0% of the population, the 7th lowest³⁴ share.

Few residents on congregation rolls

Montana's congregations counted only 34.8% of residents in the 2020 U.S. Religion Census, the 4th lowest share and lower than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming). That is not a shortage of churches: Montana has 16.3 per 10,000 residents, the 13th highest figure. Christian congregations counted 34.5%³⁵.

The Catholic Church is the largest body (10.4% of residents), followed by non-denominational churches and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which counted 50,552 members, 4.7% of the population and the 7th highest³⁵ share among the states. Congregations report these numbers themselves; a low rate is not a measure of belief (religion overview).

More residents without health insurance in 2025

The share of Montanans without health insurance rose to 10.9% in 2025 (±0.6 percentage points), up from 8.8% in 2024. That is 2.5 percentage points above the US figure (8.4%) and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming); the state now ranks between 6th and 10th highest. Among children the rise was larger: 11.0% were uninsured, up from 7.7% in 2024³⁶.

MontanaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Montana	United States
2008	18.5% ±0.8	15.1% ±0.1
2009	18.2% ±0.7	15.1% ±0.0
2010	17.3% ±0.6	15.5% ±0.0
2011	18.3% ±0.6	15.1% ±0.0
2012	18.0% ±0.6	14.8% ±0.0
2013	16.5% ±0.6	14.5% ±0.0
2014	14.2% ±0.6	11.7% ±0.0
2015	11.6% ±0.5	9.4% ±0.0
2016	8.1% ±0.4	8.6% ±0.0
2017	8.5% ±0.4	8.7% ±0.0
2018	8.2% ±0.4	8.9% ±0.0
2019	8.3% ±0.5	9.2% ±0.0
2021	8.2% ±0.4	8.6% ±0.0
2022	8.3% ±0.5	8.0% ±0.0
2023	8.4% ±0.5	7.9% ±0.0
2024	8.8% ±0.5	8.2% ±0.0
2025	10.9% ±0.5	8.4% ±0.0

The longer series shows how far the figure had come down: 18.5% of residents were uninsured in 2008 and 8.1%²⁸ in 2016, and it stayed near that level until 2024. In administrative records, Medicaid and CHIP enrollment in Montana changed by −6.2% between June 2025 and June 2026, to 205,414³⁷ people.

Life expectancy at birth was 77.3 years in 2022, 0.2 years below the US figure (77.5 years)³⁸.

Veterans: the third-highest share

Montana has 78,530 veterans, 8.6% of civilian adults in 2025 (±0.5 percentage points). That is the 3rd highest share, after Alaska (9.7%) and Virginia (9.0%), though the margins of error place Montana between 2nd and 4th. It is higher than Idaho, North Dakota and South Dakota; not statistically different from Wyoming³⁹.

Alaska9.7% ±0.7

Virginia9.0% ±0.2

Montana8.6% ±0.5

Wyoming8.2% ±0.7

South Carolina8.0% ±0.2

New Mexico7.8% ±0.4

South Dakota7.8% ±0.5

Hawaii7.7% ±0.4

United States5.9%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

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State	Veterans, share of civilian adults	MOE
Alaska	9.7%	±0.7
Virginia	9.0%	±0.2
Montana	8.6%	±0.5
Wyoming	8.2%	±0.7
South Carolina	8.0%	±0.2
New Mexico	7.8%	±0.4
South Dakota	7.8%	±0.5
Hawaii	7.7%	±0.4
United States	5.9%

Veterans who served in the Vietnam era make up 33.6% of Montana's veterans, 2.7 percentage points above the US figure (30.9%)⁴⁰.

Few immigrants, and roots in Germany, Ireland and Norway

Montana has one of the smallest immigrant populations in the country. In 2025, 32,036 residents were born abroad, 2.8% of the population and the 2nd lowest share after West Virginia. The share was up from 2.1% in 2024. Montana's immigrants come more often from Europe (21.8%, 12.3 percentage points above the US figure (9.5%)) and from Northern America, the Census region that includes Canada (13.9%), than immigrants nationally, and less often from Latin America (23.1%²¹).

New arrivals from abroad are also few. Net international migration was 412 in the year to June 2023, the lowest in the nation, and 899¹ in the year to June 2025.

Only 4.0% of residents aged 5 and older speak a language other than English at home, the 2nd lowest share, and 0.9%⁴¹ speak English less than "very well". Spanish is the most common other language (15,285 speakers in 2020–2024), followed by German (6,655⁴²).

Asked about ancestry in 2020–2024, Montanans most often named German (22.9%), Irish (13.5%) and English (13.1%). The Norwegian share, 7.5%, is the 4th highest⁴³ of any state.

Households, schooling and work

Montana has 481,275 households, averaging 2.32 people, the 9th smallest⁴⁵ size in the country. Married couples head 48.2% of households, 1.6 percentage points above the US figure (46.6%), and 8.2% are headed by single mothers, a share tied for 3rd lowest⁴⁴. The marriage rate was 9.2 per 1,000 residents in 2024, the 5th highest⁴⁶; marriages are counted where they take place, not where the couple lives.

Among adults 25 and older, 94.6% have at least a high school diploma, 4.0 percentage points above the US figure (90.6%). The share with a bachelor's degree or higher, 36.2%, is not statistically different from the US figure (37.4%) and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming)⁴⁷.

Unemployment averaged 3.3% in 2025, the 9th lowest rate, and stood at 3.1%⁴⁸ in September 2026 (preliminary). Commutes are short: the average one-way trip to work took 20.0 minutes, 7.4 minutes below the US figure (27.4 minutes) and tied for 5th shortest⁴⁹ among the states.