Housing across the states

Hawaii had the highest median home value in 2025 ($901,500) and California the highest median rent ($2,160² a month); West Virginia¹ had the lowest of both. Homeownership ranged from 38.1% of occupied homes in the District of Columbia to 74.7% in Delaware and West Virginia³.

Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).

Share of housing units that are vacant, including seasonal homes, 2025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25002; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Vacant housing units, share
Maine	19.5%
Vermont	17.5%
Alaska	15.6%
West Virginia	14.2%
Alabama	13.9%
Louisiana	13.9%
Florida	13.6%
New Hampshire	13.3%
Hawaii	12.8%
Delaware	12.7%
Mississippi	12.6%
North Carolina	12.2%
New Mexico	12.1%
Montana	11.6%
Michigan	11.5%
Arkansas	11.0%
Oklahoma	11.0%
South Carolina	11.0%
District of Columbia	10.3%
Tennessee	10.2%
Nevada	10.1%
New York	10.0%
Arizona	9.9%
Idaho	9.9%
Georgia	9.8%
South Dakota	9.8%
Texas	9.7%
Wisconsin	9.6%
Wyoming	9.6%
Missouri	9.4%
Kentucky	8.9%
Oregon	8.6%
Kansas	8.5%
Minnesota	8.5%
North Dakota	8.4%
Pennsylvania	8.1%
Massachusetts	8.0%
Rhode Island	7.9%
Virginia	7.9%
Colorado	7.8%
Indiana	7.7%
Iowa	7.6%
Ohio	7.6%
Utah	7.6%
Washington	7.5%
California	7.3%
Maryland	7.1%
Nebraska	7.1%
New Jersey	6.9%
Illinois	6.7%
Connecticut	6.5%

Home values, rents and ownership at a glance

The typical owner-occupied home in the United States was worth $371,100 (±$646¹) in 2025, by its owner's estimate, and the typical renter household paid $1,557 a month (±$4²) in rent and utilities. Both figures are medians from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS), which measures housing the same way in every state each year.

Home values. Hawaii is the most expensive state ($901,500, ±$16,299), ahead of California ($770,700) and the District of Columbia ($715,500). West Virginia is the least expensive ($176,300, ±$4,940), followed by Mississippi ($192,700) and Arkansas ($228,400¹). Full list: median home value by state.
Rent. California has the highest median gross rent ($2,160, ±$9), then the District of Columbia ($2,075) and Hawaii ($2,009). The lowest are in West Virginia ($921), Iowa ($1,026) and Mississippi ($1,033²). Full list: median rent by state.
Ownership. Nationally 65.3% of occupied homes are lived in by their owners. Delaware and West Virginia share the highest rate (74.7%); the District of Columbia has by far the lowest (38.1%, ±1.4 percentage points), followed by New York (54.0%) and California (55.7%³). Full list: homeownership rate by state.

The table gives every state's figures side by side, sorted by home value.

Housing in every state, 2025: home value, rent, ownership, cost burden and vacancy

Hawaii	$901,500 ±$16,299	$2,009 ±$69	62.7% ±1.2	55.1% ±2.5	37.5% ±2.0	12.8% ±1.0
California	$770,700 ±$3,949	$2,160 ±$9	55.7% ±0.3	55.5% ±0.5	40.1% ±0.4	7.3% ±0.2
District of Columbia	$715,500 ±$24,713	$2,075 ±$51	38.1% ±1.4	49.2% ±3.5	26.8% ±3.5	10.3% ±1.1
Massachusetts	$626,900 ±$4,178	$1,962 ±$25	62.8% ±0.4	52.5% ±1.3	32.4% ±1.0	8.0% ±0.4
Washington	$605,600 ±$4,205	$1,873 ±$16	62.8% ±0.5	50.6% ±1.3	33.2% ±0.9	7.5% ±0.3
Colorado	$567,600 ±$5,009	$1,839 ±$16	65.3% ±0.5	51.8% ±1.7	34.5% ±1.0	7.8% ±0.4
Utah	$543,400 ±$4,242	$1,646 ±$22	68.7% ±0.7	50.3% ±2.3	29.8% ±1.4	7.6% ±0.5
New Jersey	$530,800 ±$3,638	$1,885 ±$19	63.8% ±0.5	52.9% ±1.4	33.4% ±0.9	6.9% ±0.3
Oregon	$507,900 ±$4,066	$1,629 ±$18	63.1% ±0.7	53.1% ±1.8	33.4% ±1.1	8.6% ±0.5
New Hampshire	$487,100 ±$8,193	$1,742 ±$39	71.9% ±1.0	48.4% ±3.0	27.9% ±1.9	13.3% ±0.8
Rhode Island	$478,700 ±$8,075	$1,531 ±$63	65.2% ±1.3	49.6% ±3.9	33.7% ±2.8	7.9% ±0.9
New York	$470,900 ±$5,866	$1,704 ±$14	54.0% ±0.3	52.1% ±0.7	35.0% ±0.8	10.0% ±0.2
Nevada	$459,400 ±$5,404	$1,692 ±$21	61.1% ±1.0	53.1% ±2.1	34.2% ±1.6	10.1% ±0.6
Idaho	$457,800 ±$6,135	$1,462 ±$31	71.1% ±0.9	48.8% ±2.4	28.2% ±1.4	9.9% ±0.7
Maryland	$445,800 ±$3,662	$1,822 ±$22	67.3% ±0.6	51.8% ±1.7	28.3% ±1.0	7.1% ±0.4
Arizona	$427,600 ±$2,683	$1,698 ±$17	66.7% ±0.5	54.4% ±1.5	32.5% ±1.0	9.9% ±0.4
Montana	$427,500 ±$6,599	$1,208 ±$43	69.4% ±1.0	48.7% ±3.2	32.0% ±2.5	11.6% ±0.9
Connecticut	$423,900 ±$4,096	$1,679 ±$26	66.6% ±0.6	55.6% ±2.4	31.0% ±1.3	6.5% ±0.5
Virginia	$422,600 ±$3,315	$1,734 ±$20	67.9% ±0.5	50.4% ±1.3	27.2% ±0.7	7.9% ±0.3
Florida	$396,700 ±$2,125	$1,866 ±$11	68.0% ±0.4	61.3% ±0.9	38.9% ±0.7	13.6% ±0.3
Delaware	$392,600 ±$7,385	$1,614 ±$53	74.7% ±1.4	50.6% ±4.3	28.4% ±2.2	12.7% ±1.0
Alaska	$385,100 ±$8,954	$1,500 ±$44	66.5% ±1.1	43.2% ±4.3	27.4% ±2.6	15.6% ±1.1
Maine	$370,300 ±$5,877	$1,329 ±$43	74.0% ±0.7	49.3% ±3.2	28.4% ±1.6	19.5% ±0.8
Vermont	$359,800 ±$8,499	$1,338 ±$57	72.7% ±1.3	49.7% ±4.5	29.1% ±2.4	17.5% ±0.8
Wyoming	$357,300 ±$9,475	$1,087 ±$57	69.8% ±1.6	41.8% ±4.6	34.7% ±3.5	9.6% ±1.3
Minnesota	$353,800 ±$2,300	$1,357 ±$17	72.1% ±0.4	48.7% ±1.4	25.9% ±0.8	8.5% ±0.3
Georgia	$346,500 ±$2,425	$1,575 ±$15	66.2% ±0.6	52.8% ±1.2	30.9% ±0.8	9.8% ±0.3
North Carolina	$342,800 ±$2,737	$1,412 ±$15	67.0% ±0.5	50.0% ±1.2	27.5% ±0.8	12.2% ±0.3
Tennessee	$341,200 ±$3,027	$1,356 ±$17	67.7% ±0.6	50.3% ±1.3	26.8% ±0.9	10.2% ±0.4
Texas	$318,100 ±$1,418	$1,515 ±$11	62.7% ±0.3	51.4% ±0.8	31.9% ±0.6	9.7% ±0.2
Wisconsin	$316,500 ±$2,156	$1,219 ±$12	68.1% ±0.5	45.7% ±1.3	24.2% ±0.7	9.6% ±0.3
South Carolina	$306,200 ±$3,027	$1,395 ±$25	71.8% ±0.4	52.4% ±1.8	28.5% ±1.1	11.0% ±0.5
South Dakota	$299,100 ±$6,467	$1,089 ±$33	66.3% ±1.2	44.9% ±3.4	23.2% ±2.2	9.8% ±1.0
Illinois	$294,400 ±$1,931	$1,419 ±$17	67.8% ±0.4	49.7% ±1.1	29.1% ±0.6	6.7% ±0.3
New Mexico	$293,400 ±$5,069	$1,145 ±$30	69.8% ±0.9	47.8% ±2.4	29.2% ±1.9	12.1% ±0.8
Pennsylvania	$292,400 ±$1,766	$1,329 ±$13	69.2% ±0.4	48.8% ±1.2	25.1% ±0.6	8.1% ±0.2
North Dakota	$281,700 ±$6,105	$1,071 ±$32	61.8% ±1.4	34.7% ±3.5	20.4% ±2.4	8.4% ±0.8
Nebraska	$279,200 ±$3,160	$1,194 ±$20	65.9% ±0.9	44.7% ±2.4	24.1% ±1.4	7.1% ±0.6
Missouri	$271,400 ±$2,495	$1,142 ±$15	69.1% ±0.5	45.4% ±1.5	24.1% ±0.8	9.4% ±0.4
Michigan	$269,500 ±$1,932	$1,220 ±$11	74.1% ±0.4	51.7% ±1.3	25.7% ±0.7	11.5% ±0.3
Indiana	$255,200 ±$2,289	$1,187 ±$12	70.9% ±0.5	48.4% ±1.5	24.2% ±0.8	7.7% ±0.3
Ohio	$254,100 ±$1,892	$1,155 ±$9	67.4% ±0.5	48.5% ±1.0	24.3% ±0.6	7.6% ±0.2
Kansas	$252,600 ±$4,302	$1,134 ±$15	67.5% ±0.7	42.7% ±2.0	24.6% ±1.2	8.5% ±0.5
Alabama	$246,500 ±$3,108	$1,121 ±$15	70.9% ±0.5	49.5% ±1.7	26.4% ±1.0	13.9% ±0.6
Kentucky	$242,000 ±$2,467	$1,072 ±$16	68.2% ±0.7	46.6% ±1.7	24.7% ±1.0	8.9% ±0.5
Iowa	$237,000 ±$2,264	$1,026 ±$18	71.4% ±0.7	46.5% ±1.8	22.5% ±1.0	7.6% ±0.5
Oklahoma	$234,000 ±$2,384	$1,107 ±$11	65.5% ±0.5	45.7% ±1.3	27.3% ±1.0	11.0% ±0.4
Louisiana	$231,800 ±$2,979	$1,105 ±$15	68.0% ±0.7	53.4% ±1.9	28.6% ±1.3	13.9% ±0.5
Arkansas	$228,400 ±$3,677	$1,055 ±$20	67.2% ±0.7	45.0% ±2.6	26.4% ±1.5	11.0% ±0.6
Mississippi	$192,700 ±$4,627	$1,033 ±$26	71.6% ±0.7	53.3% ±2.1	28.9% ±1.5	12.6% ±0.6
West Virginia	$176,300 ±$4,940	$921 ±$22	74.7% ±0.8	48.8% ±2.3	23.0% ±1.6	14.2% ±0.8
United States	$371,100 ±$646	$1,557 ±$4	65.3% ±0.2	51.8% ±0.2	30.7% ±0.1	9.6% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25077; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25064; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25003; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25070; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25091; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25002. ± is the 90% margin of error.

Buying varies far more between states than renting

Home values run from $176,300 in West Virginia to $901,500 in Hawaii. Rents run from $921 in West Virginia to $2,160 in California, a much narrower band. Hawaii's median home value is $530,400 (143%) above the US figure ($371,100), while California's median rent, the highest of any state, is $603 (39%) above the US figure ($1,557). At the bottom the gap is closer: West Virginia's home value is $194,800 (52%) below the US figure ($371,100)¹ and its rent $636 (41%) below the US figure ($1,557)².

Median home value, one dot per state, 2025: Hawaii and the US marked

West Virginia $176,300Hawaii $901,500

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25077. Each dot is a state. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Median home value (owner-occupied)
Hawaii	$901,500
California	$770,700
District of Columbia	$715,500
Massachusetts	$626,900
Washington	$605,600
Colorado	$567,600
Utah	$543,400
New Jersey	$530,800
Oregon	$507,900
New Hampshire	$487,100
Rhode Island	$478,700
New York	$470,900
Nevada	$459,400
Idaho	$457,800
Maryland	$445,800
Arizona	$427,600
Montana	$427,500
Connecticut	$423,900
Virginia	$422,600
Florida	$396,700
Delaware	$392,600
Alaska	$385,100
Maine	$370,300
Vermont	$359,800
Wyoming	$357,300
Minnesota	$353,800
Georgia	$346,500
North Carolina	$342,800
Tennessee	$341,200
Texas	$318,100
Wisconsin	$316,500
South Carolina	$306,200
South Dakota	$299,100
Illinois	$294,400
New Mexico	$293,400
Pennsylvania	$292,400
North Dakota	$281,700
Nebraska	$279,200
Missouri	$271,400
Michigan	$269,500
Indiana	$255,200
Ohio	$254,100
Kansas	$252,600
Alabama	$246,500
Kentucky	$242,000
Iowa	$237,000
Oklahoma	$234,000
Louisiana	$231,800
Arkansas	$228,400
Mississippi	$192,700
West Virginia	$176,300

Median gross rent, one dot per state, 2025: California and the US marked

West Virginia $921California $2,160

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25064. Each dot is a state. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Median gross rent
California	$2,160
District of Columbia	$2,075
Hawaii	$2,009
Massachusetts	$1,962
New Jersey	$1,885
Washington	$1,873
Florida	$1,866
Colorado	$1,839
Maryland	$1,822
New Hampshire	$1,742
Virginia	$1,734
New York	$1,704
Arizona	$1,698
Nevada	$1,692
Connecticut	$1,679
Utah	$1,646
Oregon	$1,629
Delaware	$1,614
Georgia	$1,575
Rhode Island	$1,531
Texas	$1,515
Alaska	$1,500
Idaho	$1,462
Illinois	$1,419
North Carolina	$1,412
South Carolina	$1,395
Minnesota	$1,357
Tennessee	$1,356
Vermont	$1,338
Maine	$1,329
Pennsylvania	$1,329
Michigan	$1,220
Wisconsin	$1,219
Montana	$1,208
Nebraska	$1,194
Indiana	$1,187
Ohio	$1,155
New Mexico	$1,145
Missouri	$1,142
Kansas	$1,134
Alabama	$1,121
Oklahoma	$1,107
Louisiana	$1,105
South Dakota	$1,089
Wyoming	$1,087
Kentucky	$1,072
North Dakota	$1,071
Arkansas	$1,055
Mississippi	$1,033
Iowa	$1,026
West Virginia	$921

The two orders also differ. Florida ranks 20th most expensive for home values but 7th most expensive for rent. Montana is the reverse: 17th most expensive¹ for home values and 18th least expensive² for rent. A state's place on one list says little about its place on the other.

Most states sit below the national figures. 28 states have a median home value significantly below the US median and 22, counting DC, significantly above it; for rent the split is 31 below and 19, counting DC, above. The middle state's home value is $353,800 and its rent $1,395², both under the US medians, because the national figure counts every home, so a large, expensive state such as California weighs more than several small, inexpensive ones. The Midwest has no state above the national home value: its highest, Minnesota, is $17,300 (5%) below the US figure ($371,100)¹.

Where owners outnumber renters, and where they do not

35 states have a homeownership rate significantly above the national 65.3% (±0.2 percentage points), and only 11, counting DC, are below it. The states below include the most expensive housing markets. In each of the five states with the highest home values, ownership is under the national rate: Hawaii 2.6 percentage points below the US figure (65.3%), California 9.6 percentage points below the US figure (65.3%), the District of Columbia 27.2 percentage points below the US figure (65.3%), Massachusetts 2.5 percentage points below the US figure (65.3%) and Washington 2.5 percentage points below the US figure (65.3%)³.

At the low-cost end the pattern reverses. Of the five states with the lowest home values, four have ownership rates above the US: West Virginia 9.4 percentage points above the US figure (65.3%), Mississippi 6.3 percentage points above the US figure (65.3%), Arkansas 1.9 percentage points above the US figure (65.3%) and Louisiana 2.7 percentage points above the US figure (65.3%). Oklahoma's rate is not statistically different from the US figure (65.3%). Delaware is the exception at the top: it shares the highest ownership rate (74.7%³) with a home value $21,500 (6%) above the US figure ($371,100)¹.

The five most and least expensive states, and Delaware: home value, ownership and single-family homes, 2025

Hawaii	$901,500 ±$16,299	62.7% ±1.2	53.1% ±1.0
California	$770,700 ±$3,949	55.7% ±0.3	56.7% ±0.2
District of Columbia	$715,500 ±$24,713	38.1% ±1.4	9.6% ±1.0
Massachusetts	$626,900 ±$4,178	62.8% ±0.4	50.2% ±0.5
Washington	$605,600 ±$4,205	62.8% ±0.5	60.8% ±0.5
Delaware	$392,600 ±$7,385	74.7% ±1.4	60.2% ±1.4
Oklahoma	$234,000 ±$2,384	65.5% ±0.5	72.5% ±0.4
Louisiana	$231,800 ±$2,979	68.0% ±0.7	65.7% ±0.7
Arkansas	$228,400 ±$3,677	67.2% ±0.7	70.3% ±0.8
Mississippi	$192,700 ±$4,627	71.6% ±0.7	70.2% ±0.8
West Virginia	$176,300 ±$4,940	74.7% ±0.8	70.2% ±1.0
United States	$371,100 ±$646	65.3% ±0.2	60.9% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25077; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25003; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25024. ± is the 90% margin of error.

The District stands apart. Its rate, 38.1%, is the lowest in the nation and lower than every bordering state (Maryland and Virginia), and it fell in 2025, down from 40.9% in 2024³. Only 9.6% of its housing units are detached single-family houses, against 60.9%⁷ nationally.

Cost burdens: steady for renters, rising for owners

The ACS measures how many households spend 30 percent or more of their income on housing, the usual line for a cost burden. In 2025, 51.8% (±0.2 percentage points) of renter households were in that position, not statistically different from 51.8% in 2024, and 26.2%⁴ spent 50 percent or more. Among owners with a mortgage the share was lower, 30.7% (±0.1 percentage points), but it rose: up from 29.4% in 2024⁵.

For renters, only 5 states are significantly above the national share: Florida (61.3%, ±0.9 percentage points), Connecticut (55.6%), California (55.5%), Hawaii (55.1%) and Arizona (54.4%). 25 are below it, and the middle state's share is 49.7%. North Dakota has the lowest share (34.7%, ±3.5 percentage points⁴). Florida is the clearest case of burden outrunning rent: its median rent ranks 7th most expensive², yet its renters are the most likely in the country to pay 30 percent or more.

Owners with a mortgage follow a similar map. California (40.1%, ±0.4 percentage points) is 9.4 percentage points above the US figure (30.7%) and Florida (38.9%) 8.2 percentage points above the US figure (30.7%). North Dakota (20.4%) is 10.3 percentage points below the US figure (30.7%) and Iowa (22.5%) 8.2 percentage points below the US figure (30.7%). Wyoming splits the two measures: its renters have the 2nd lowest⁴ burden share in the country, while its mortgaged owners, at 34.7% (±3.5 percentage points), are 4.0 percentage points above the US figure (30.7%)⁵.

Owners with a mortgage spending 30 percent or more of income on housing costs, selected states, 2025

California40.1% ±0.4

Florida38.9% ±0.7

Hawaii37.5% ±2.0

New York35.0% ±0.8

Wyoming34.7% ±3.5

Texas31.9% ±0.6

United States30.7% ±0.1

South Dakota23.2% ±2.2

West Virginia23.0% ±1.6

Iowa22.5% ±1.0

North Dakota20.4% ±2.4

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25091. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Owners with a mortgage spending 30% or more on housing	MOE
California	40.1%	±0.4
Florida	38.9%	±0.7
Hawaii	37.5%	±2.0
New York	35.0%	±0.8
Wyoming	34.7%	±3.5
Texas	31.9%	±0.6
United States	30.7%	±0.1
South Dakota	23.2%	±2.2
West Virginia	23.0%	±1.6
Iowa	22.5%	±1.0
North Dakota	20.4%	±2.4

How old the homes are, and what kind

Half of the nation's housing units were built before 1982 and half after. The newest stock is in the South and West: the median home in Nevada dates from 1998 and in Texas from 1996. The oldest is in the Northeast and the District, where the median is 1959 in New York and 1959⁸ in DC.

In Texas, 27.3% (±0.3 percentage points) of all housing units were built in 2010 or later, 12.4 percentage points above the US figure (14.9%), and the share rose in a single year, up from 25.3% in 2024. Utah's share, 26.0%, is 11.1 percentage points above the US figure (14.9%). Rhode Island has the opposite profile: 5.3% built since 2010, 9.6 percentage points below the US figure (14.9%)⁹.

Highest shares of housing units built in 2010 or later, 2025

Texas27.3% ±0.3

Utah26.0% ±0.8

North Dakota23.8% ±1.4

South Carolina23.7% ±0.6

Idaho23.5% ±0.9

Delaware21.9% ±1.3

North Carolina21.6% ±0.5

District of Columbia21.3% ±1.8

Colorado20.6% ±0.6

Tennessee20.1% ±0.5

Nevada19.7% ±0.8

South Dakota19.7% ±1.0

United States14.9% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25034. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Homes built in 2010 or later	MOE
Texas	27.3%	±0.3
Utah	26.0%	±0.8
North Dakota	23.8%	±1.4
South Carolina	23.7%	±0.6
Idaho	23.5%	±0.9
Delaware	21.9%	±1.3
North Carolina	21.6%	±0.5
District of Columbia	21.3%	±1.8
Colorado	20.6%	±0.6
Tennessee	20.1%	±0.5
Nevada	19.7%	±0.8
South Dakota	19.7%	±1.0
United States	14.9%	±0.1

Homes built before 1940 make up 11.3% of the national stock. In New York the share is 30.1% and in Massachusetts 30.0%; in Nevada it is 1.2% and in Arizona 1.3%. The District has both: 31.9% of its units predate 1940, 20.6 percentage points above the US figure (11.3%), yet 21.3% were built since 2010, 6.4 percentage points above the US figure (14.9%)⁹.

Building types differ as much. Detached single-family houses are 73.1% of units in Idaho, 12.2 percentage points above the US figure (60.9%). Buildings with 20 or more units hold 26.0% of New York's housing and 44.9% of the District's, against 11.1% nationally. Mobile homes, 5.3% of US units, account for 15.0% (±0.6 percentage points) in New Mexico and 14.2%⁷ in Mississippi.

Age and type of housing, selected states, 2025

Nevada	1998 ±1	19.7% ±0.8	1.2% ±0.2	60.3% ±0.9	10.4% ±0.6	4.6% ±0.3
Texas	1996 ±2	27.3% ±0.3	2.9% ±0.1	64.5% ±0.3	12.1% ±0.2	5.9% ±0.1
Utah	1995 ±1	26.0% ±0.8	5.8% ±0.3	64.2% ±0.7	9.9% ±0.6	3.1% ±0.3
Arizona	1994 ±1	19.6% ±0.6	1.3% ±0.1	64.1% ±0.5	9.2% ±0.4	8.6% ±0.3
Idaho	1994 ±1	23.5% ±0.9	6.9% ±0.5	73.1% ±0.7	4.5% ±0.5	6.2% ±0.4
Mississippi	1988 ±2	14.8% ±0.6	3.9% ±0.3	70.2% ±0.8	2.9% ±0.3	14.2% ±0.6
New Mexico	1985 ±2	12.9% ±0.7	4.3% ±0.4	64.4% ±0.8	4.6% ±0.5	15.0% ±0.6
Massachusetts	1965 ±1	9.6% ±0.3	30.0% ±0.5	50.2% ±0.5	13.4% ±0.4	0.9% ±0.1
Rhode Island	1964 ±2	5.3% ±0.7	27.7% ±1.5	55.7% ±1.4	9.3% ±0.9	0.8% ±0.3
New York	1959 ±1	7.7% ±0.2	30.1% ±0.3	40.7% ±0.2	26.0% ±0.3	2.1% ±0.1
District of Columbia	1959 ±2	21.3% ±1.8	31.9% ±1.5	9.6% ±1.0	44.9% ±2.2	0.0%
United States	1982 ±1	14.9% ±0.1	11.3%	60.9% ±0.1	11.1% ±0.1	5.3%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25035; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25034; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25024. ± is the 90% margin of error.

Where housing was added in 2025

The country had 148.2 million housing units in 2025, up from 146,740,964 in 2024, a net gain of 1,488,003 (1.0%). Texas added the most (231,228 (1.8%)), followed by Florida (158,864 (1.5%)), California (117,870 (0.8%)) and North Carolina (94,356 (1.9%)). Relative to the existing stock, Arizona (74,093 (2.2%)) and Idaho (17,110 (2.1%)) grew fastest. The smallest gains in percentage terms were in Rhode Island (1,060 (0.2%)), Connecticut (4,177 (0.3%)), New Jersey (11,112 (0.3%)) and Hawaii (1,695 (0.3%)). In Alaska the count was not statistically different from 329,757 in 2024¹⁰.

These are net changes in the number of units between the two years, not counts of new construction. For where residents moved over the same period, see migration between the states.

Vacant homes

9.6% of US housing units were vacant in 2025, not statistically different from 9.5% in 2024⁶. The Census Bureau counts seasonal and vacation homes as vacant, so a high share does not by itself mean abandoned housing.

Maine's share, 19.5% (±0.8 percentage points), is the highest in the nation, followed by Vermont (17.5%) and Alaska (15.6%). The lowest shares are in Connecticut (6.5%), Illinois (6.7%) and New Jersey (6.9%). 20 states are significantly above the national share and 21⁶ below it.

2025 and the longer run, in 2025 dollars

After adjusting for inflation, the national median home value was up from $370,088 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars), a gain of $1,012 (0.3%), and the median rent was up from $1,526 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)². The states moved in different directions. Colorado's median value was down from $589,719 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars) and California's down from $779,484 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars), while New Jersey's was up from $509,051 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)¹. The median home value ranking gives the change for every state.

Over two decades, the national median home value went from $276,116 in 2005 to $302,856 in 2019 and $371,100 in 2025, all in 2025 dollars: more of the increase came in the six years after 2019 than in the fourteen before. Median rent rose from $1,200 to $1,557¹² over the same period.

Median home value in 2025 dollars: Colorado, New Jersey and the US, 2005–2025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers

Year	Colorado	New Jersey	United States
2005	$368,100 ±$2,305	$550,419 ±$3,823	$276,116 ±$531
2006	$371,927 ±$2,110	$585,438 ±$3,050	$295,753 ±$781
2007	$363,180 ±$2,206	$578,076 ±$2,312	$301,692 ±$666
2008	$362,162 ±$2,241	$544,439 ±$2,355	$295,472 ±$677
2009	$356,852 ±$2,440	$522,673 ±$2,736	$277,919 ±$494
2010	$349,322 ±$2,293	$500,803 ±$2,287	$265,609 ±$431
2011	$334,482 ±$2,569	$465,012 ±$2,263	$248,464 ±$361
2012	$329,383 ±$2,039	$436,934 ±$2,795	$241,043 ±$360
2013	$332,367 ±$2,215	$425,237 ±$2,884	$240,327 ±$310
2014	$347,053 ±$3,199	$425,928 ±$2,155	$246,418 ±$458
2015	$385,489 ±$2,945	$438,191 ±$2,403	$264,192 ±$394
2016	$421,465 ±$3,163	$440,244 ±$2,939	$274,985 ±$626
2017	$458,249 ±$2,787	$439,861 ±$2,469	$285,798 ±$574
2018	$478,606 ±$3,400	$441,041 ±$2,681	$294,497 ±$469
2019	$496,911 ±$3,394	$439,236 ±$2,221	$302,856 ±$568
2021	$553,898 ±$2,840	$463,126 ±$2,842	$334,335 ±$537
2022	$584,251 ±$5,356	$471,823 ±$3,035	$353,015 ±$684
2023	$581,438 ±$4,251	$487,085 ±$2,990	$359,450 ±$603
2024	$589,719 ±$3,872	$509,051 ±$3,060	$370,088 ±$634
2025	$567,600 ±$5,009	$530,800 ±$3,638	$371,100 ±$646

Three measures of housing cost, and why they disagree

ACS median home value. The value owners report for the home they live in, for owner-occupied homes only. It is not a sale price, and homes that are rented out or empty are not included.
ACS median gross rent. What renter households paying cash rent actually pay, contract rent plus utilities, whether they signed their lease last month or years ago. It is not the asking rent for an apartment on the market today.
BEA housing price level. The Bureau of Economic Analysis's regional price parity for housing rents, an index with the US = 100, for 2024. It puts the District of Columbia first (155.0) and California second (154.3), the reverse of the ACS rent order, with West Virginia lowest (54.2¹³). It feeds the cost of living ranking.

The three put the same few places at each end, with West Virginia lowest on all of them. They differ on the year, on which homes they cover and on the order of states that are close together.

How to read these figures

Margins of error. ACS figures are survey estimates with 90% margins of error. Close ranks can swap: Florida's rent, for example, ranks between 5th and 7th² once the margins are taken into account. Statements of "higher", "lower", "rose" or "fell" on this page are statistically tested.
Dollars. Changes from 2024 to 2025 compare both years in 2025 dollars, so a small rise in current dollars can be a fall after inflation.
Who is counted. Home value covers owner-occupied homes; rent covers renters paying cash rent; the rent burden leaves out households whose burden cannot be computed; the owner burden covers owners with a mortgage.
States only. This site covers the 50 states and DC; there are no city or county figures.

Questions about housing by state

Which state has the most expensive homes?

Hawaii. Its median owner-occupied home was valued at $901,500 (±$16,299) in 2025, $530,400 (143%) above the US figure ($371,100). California ($770,700) and the District of Columbia ($715,500¹) followed, according to the American Community Survey.

Which state has the highest rent?

California, where the median renter household paid $2,160 a month (±$9) in gross rent, utilities included, in 2025. The District of Columbia ($2,075) and Hawaii ($2,009²) were next.

What is the average rent in the United States?

The Census Bureau publishes the median rather than the average. In 2025 the median gross rent, contract rent plus utilities, was $1,557 a month (±$4), up from $1,526 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)²: half of renter households paying cash rent paid more and half paid less.

Which state has the cheapest housing?

West Virginia, on both main measures: its median home value, $176,300¹, and its median gross rent, $921² a month, were the lowest of the 50 states and DC in 2025. It is also tied with Delaware³ for the highest homeownership rate.

Rankings on this topic

Sources

Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25077; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25064; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25003; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25070; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25091; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25002; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25024; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25035; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25034; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025; 2005-2025 (no standard 2020 1-year release); released October 29, 2026. api.census.gov
BEA, SARPP Regional Price Parities by state; 2024; released February 19, 2026. apps.bea.gov

Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.