Georgia population and demographics

Georgia is home to 3.31% of the US population, the 8th largest population among the states and larger than Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee; smaller than Florida¹. This page covers the state as a whole; it does not break figures down by city or county. Religion, a frequent question about Georgia, is covered further down from the U.S. Religion Census, a count of congregations and their members.

A third of Georgians are Black

The Census Bureau's July 2025 estimates count 32.4% of Georgia residents as Black alone. Only the District of Columbia (41.6%) and Mississippi (36.8%⁹) have a higher share. When people who report Black together with another race are added, the American Community Survey (ACS) puts the figure at 33.8% in 2025, 19.3 percentage points above the US figure (14.5%)¹⁰.

District of Columbia42.3% ±0.6

Mississippi37.6% ±0.2

Georgia33.8% ±0.1

Louisiana33.2% ±0.2

Maryland32.2% ±0.2

Alabama27.0% ±0.2

South Carolina25.8% ±0.2

Delaware25.7% ±0.4

North Carolina22.4% ±0.1

Virginia21.0% ±0.1

United States14.5% ±0.0

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

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State	Black or African American (alone or in combination)	MOE
District of Columbia	42.3%	±0.6
Mississippi	37.6%	±0.2
Georgia	33.8%	±0.1
Louisiana	33.2%	±0.2
Maryland	32.2%	±0.2
Alabama	27.0%	±0.2
South Carolina	25.8%	±0.2
Delaware	25.7%	±0.4
North Carolina	22.4%	±0.1
Virginia	21.0%	±0.1
United States	14.5%	±0.0

In numbers, the ACS counted 3,462,036 residents who are Black alone in 2025 (±21,568¹¹). On the survey's five-year data for 2020–2024, which cover every state the same way, only Texas had more Black residents (3,692,993, against 3,401,114 in Georgia), with Florida¹² close behind. Georgia's share is higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)⁹.

Over two decades the Black share has moved far less than the white share. Non-Hispanic Black residents were 30.2% of Georgians in the 2025 ACS, up from 29.0% in 2005¹³, and not statistically different from 30.3% in 2024². The larger shifts in the state's makeup are described below.

Non-Hispanic white residents now under half

At the 2020 Census, non-Hispanic white residents were 50.1%¹⁴ of Georgia's population, a bare majority. The Census Bureau's estimates put them at 47.9% by July 2025, down from 50.6% in 2020⁹ on the same estimates base, so no single race or ethnic group now makes up more than half of the state. The ACS shows the same drop over a longer period: from 59.7%¹³ in 2005 to 47.1%² in 2025.

GeorgiaUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Georgia	United States
2005	59.7% ±0.0	66.8% ±0.0
2006	58.7% ±0.0	66.2% ±0.0
2007	58.3% ±0.0	65.8% ±0.0
2008	57.9% ±0.0	65.4% ±0.0
2009	57.3% ±0.0	64.9% ±0.0
2010	55.8% ±0.0	63.7% ±0.0
2011	55.4% ±0.0	63.3% ±0.0
2012	55.0% ±0.0	62.8% ±0.0
2013	54.6% ±0.1	62.4% ±0.0
2014	54.2% ±0.0	61.9% ±0.0
2015	53.7% ±0.0	61.5% ±0.0
2016	53.2% ±0.0	61.1% ±0.0
2017	52.6% ±0.0	60.6% ±0.0
2018	52.2% ±0.0	60.2% ±0.0
2019	51.8% ±0.1	60.0% ±0.0
2021	50.2% ±0.1	58.1% ±0.0
2022	49.6% ±0.1	57.7% ±0.0
2023	48.7% ±0.1	57.1% ±0.0
2024	48.0% ±0.1	56.3% ±0.0
2025	47.1% ±0.1	55.0% ±0.0

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic47.1% 57.5%

Black, not Hispanic30.2% 33.8%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)12.0%

Asian, not Hispanic5.1% 6.3%

Two or more races, not Hispanic4.8%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.6%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.1% 2.2%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.1% 0.2%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	47.1%	±0.1	57.5%
Black, not Hispanic	30.2%	±0.2	33.8%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	12.0%		–
Asian, not Hispanic	5.1%	±0.1	6.3%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	4.8%	±0.2	–
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.6%	±0.1	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.1%		2.2%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.1%		0.2%

Hispanic and Asian residents account for much of the change. The Hispanic or Latino share was 12.1% in 2025, up from 10.5% in 2020, though still 8.4 percentage points below the US figure (20.5%). The Asian alone share was 5.4%, up from 4.6% in 2020, and is higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)⁹. Asian Indians are the largest Asian group (1.6%¹⁵ of all residents in 2020–2024), followed by Chinese, Vietnamese and Korean residents at similar sizes. On the diversity index, the chance that two residents picked at random belong to different groups, Georgia scores 66.8, 9th most diverse in the country and more diverse than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)¹⁶.

Growth from births, other states and abroad

Georgia gained 98,540 residents in the year to July 2025, a rate of 0.88%, 0.4 percentage points above the US figure (0.52%). All three sources of change added people. In the year to June 2025, international migration supplied 43% of the gain, natural increase (births minus deaths) 29% and net arrivals from other states 28%¹.

Births+655,379

Deaths−538,297

Net domestic migration+232,849

Net international migration+235,345

Residual (estimation adjustment)+3,611

Total change+588,887

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	655,379
Deaths	−538,297
Net domestic migration	232,849
Net international migration	235,345
Residual (estimation adjustment)	3,611
Total change	588,887

Over the five years since the 2020 Census base, migration from abroad and from other states contributed almost equal numbers: net international migration added 235,345 and net domestic migration 232,849, against a natural increase of 117,082. That last figure is 5th highest among the states and higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee). Georgia recorded 126,446 births and 97,815 deaths in the year to June 2025; its death rate, 8.7 per 1,000 residents, is lower than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)¹.

Each source has moved on its own schedule. Net domestic migration peaked at 79,102 in the year to June 2022 and fell to 25,403 two years later before edging up to 27,333. International migration rose to 86,526 in 2024 and then roughly halved, to 42,579. Natural increase climbed from 11,968 in the year to June 2021, to about 28,000¹ a year since 2023.

Who moves in and out

The ACS migration flows for 2024 show 266,166 people moving to Georgia from other states and 229,454 leaving. Florida is the largest partner in both directions: 52,371 arrived from Florida and 34,388¹⁷ left for it. Texas, the Carolinas and Alabama are the next largest partners in both directions. Federal tax returns for 2022 and 2023 show a net gain of 35,536 people, 6th highest¹⁸.

Moved to Georgia from

Florida52,371 ±8,290

Texas20,968 ±3,871

South Carolina16,878 ±4,012

Alabama15,804 ±5,475

North Carolina15,283 ±2,967

California14,052 ±3,801

New York12,771 ±3,304

Virginia10,298 ±3,734

Left Georgia for

Florida34,388 ±6,124

Texas19,481 ±3,551

North Carolina19,031 ±4,094

South Carolina16,024 ±3,513

Alabama15,194 ±2,860

Tennessee10,786 ±2,605

Virginia9,219 ±3,137

New York8,252 ±2,319

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
Florida	52,371 ±8,290	34,388 ±6,124
Texas	20,968 ±3,871	19,481 ±3,551
South Carolina	16,878 ±4,012	16,024 ±3,513
Alabama	15,804 ±5,475	15,194 ±2,860
North Carolina	15,283 ±2,967	19,031 ±4,094
California	14,052 ±3,801	6,863 ±2,164
New York	12,771 ±3,304	8,252 ±2,319
Virginia	10,298 ±3,734	9,219 ±3,137
Tennessee	10,017 ±2,556	10,786 ±2,605

From 82,548 to 11.3 million

The first census, in 1790, counted 82,548 people in Georgia. Growth stalled between 1920 (2,895,832) and 1930 (2,908,506), and by 1960 Georgia ranked 16th of 51¹⁹ among the states and DC. Its rank has risen at every census since, to 8th of 51⁶ in 2020. The July 2025 population is 3.3 times¹ the 1950 count.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	Georgia
1790	82,548
1800	162,686
1810	251,407
1820	340,989
1830	516,823
1840	691,392
1850	906,185
1860	1,057,286
1870	1,184,109
1880	1,542,180
1890	1,837,353
1900	2,216,331
1910	2,609,121
1920	2,895,832
1930	2,908,506
1940	3,123,723
1950	3,444,578
1960	3,943,116
1970	4,589,575
1980	5,463,105
1990	6,478,216
2000	8,186,453
2010	9,687,653
2020	10,711,908
2021	10,793,038
2022	10,929,992
2023	11,063,669
2024	11,204,208
2025	11,302,748

Where Georgians live

With 195.8 people per square mile, Georgia is the 17th most densely populated state, 102% above the US figure (96.7 people per square mile)²⁰. Its land area of 57,717 square miles is larger than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)²¹. At the 2020 Census, 74.1% of residents lived in urban areas and 25.9% in rural areas, a rural share 5.9 percentage points above the US figure (20.0%)²².

The average one-way commute was 29.7 minutes in 2025, the 7th longest in the country and 2.3 minutes above the US figure (27.4 minutes)²³. Of commuters, 11.5%²⁴ travel an hour or more each way, and only 1.1% use public transit, 2.7 percentage points below the US figure (3.8%). Of all workers, 14.5% mostly work from home, 1.6 percentage points above the US figure (12.9%)²⁵.

Younger than its neighbors, with larger households

Georgia's median age is 38.3 years (±0.2 years), 1.2 years below the US figure (39.5 years) and younger than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)³. Residents aged 65 and older make up 16.7% of the population, the 5th lowest share, while 61.2% are of working age (18 to 64), higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee). The population is aging: the 65-and-older share is up from 14.8% in 2020⁹, and the median age is up from 34.3 years in 2005¹³.

Households are larger than in most states, at 2.59 people on average, tied for 7th largest²⁶. Two features of household structure stand out. Families headed by a woman with no spouse present make up 14.9% of all households, the 3rd highest share in the country and 2.8 percentage points above the US figure (12.1%)²⁷. And 35.9% of residents aged 15 and older have never married, 10th highest²⁸. In 2024, 46.0% of births were to unmarried mothers, 6.5 percentage points above the US figure (39.5%)²⁹.

Women outnumber men by 379,450³⁰, giving 93.5 men for every 100 women, the 7th lowest⁹ ratio among the states.

Income, poverty and prices

Half of Georgia's households had income above $81,847 in 2025 (±$761), $2,933 (3%) below the US figure ($84,780). It ranks between 23rd and 31st once the margins of error are allowed for, yet it is higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)⁴. Income per person is further behind: $43,451, $3,720 (8%) below the US figure ($47,171)³¹.

The official poverty rate was 12.3% (±0.4 percentage points), 0.5 percentage points above the US figure (11.8%). The gap is concentrated among children and older adults: child poverty was 16.6%, 1.8 percentage points above the US figure (14.8%), and poverty among those 65 and older 12.2%, 1.0 percentage points above the US figure (11.2%), while the rate for adults 18 to 64 was not statistically different from the US figure (10.8%)⁵.

Prices are below the national level. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts Georgia's 2024 price level at 96.3 (US = 100), 4% below the US figure (100.0), with housing costs 12% below the US figure (100.6)³². The median home value, $346,500, is $24,600 (7%) below the US figure ($371,100)³³. The housing stock is young: 18.5% of homes were built in 2010 or later, 3.6 percentage points above the US figure (14.9%), and only 3.9%³⁵ before 1940.

Baptist churches first, then Catholic parishes

Georgians searching about religion mostly ask what share of the state is Christian or Muslim. The U.S. Religion Census, which counts congregations rather than surveying residents, found Christian congregations counting 48.6% of the population in 2020. The Southern Baptist Convention was the largest body, with 1,584,393 adherents (14.8% of residents) in 3,561 churches; Evangelical Protestant churches as a group counted 26.3%, the 9th highest share. Historically Black Protestant churches counted 5.2%³⁶, a figure the study itself says is incomplete because several large Black denominations could not report fully.

The 2020 mosque study estimated 123,652 people taking part in Georgia's mosques, 1.15% of residents. Catholic parishes counted 8.4%, up from 6.2% in 2010³⁶. These are counts of people tied to congregations, not of belief; religion across the states explains the difference.

Immigrants and the languages they speak

1,326,029 Georgia residents were born abroad in 2025, 11.7% of the population, 3.0 percentage points below the US figure (14.7%). Where they come from differs from the national mix. Africa is the birthplace of 10.3% of Georgia's immigrants, 4.4 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%), and Asia of 32.8%. Latin America accounts for 48.0%, 2.3 percentage points below the US figure (50.3%)³⁷.

In the 2020–2024 data on languages spoken at home, Spanish led by far, followed by Chinese, Vietnamese and Korean, and then by West African languages such as Yoruba, Twi and Igbo. Georgia had 42,390 speakers of these languages in 2025 (±7,375³⁸), and in 2020–2024 it had the 5th largest³⁹ number of any state. Overall 16.1% of residents aged five and older speak a language other than English at home, 6.8 percentage points below the US figure (22.9%)⁴⁰.

Health coverage and health

Georgia has one of the highest shares of people without health insurance: 11.7% in 2025, the 5th highest rate, 3.3 percentage points above the US figure (8.4%) and higher than every bordering state (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee)⁴¹. The rate is down from 18.8% in 2008¹³. Public coverage is less common than in most states: 30.7% of residents have Medicaid, Medicare or other public insurance, 6th lowest. The difference is largest for working-age adults: among those aged 19 to 64 only 5.9% are covered by Medicaid, 6.7 percentage points below the US figure (12.6%)⁴².

Georgia11.7% ±0.3

Florida10.5% ±0.2

South Carolina10.2% ±0.3

Tennessee10.0% ±0.3

Alabama8.4% ±0.3

North Carolina8.4% ±0.2

United States8.4%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B27010. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

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State	Uninsured rate	MOE
Georgia	11.7%	±0.3
Florida	10.5%	±0.2
South Carolina	10.2%	±0.3
Tennessee	10.0%	±0.3
Alabama	8.4%	±0.3
North Carolina	8.4%	±0.2
United States	8.4%

Georgians born in 2022 could expect to live 75.9 years on average, 1.6 years below the US figure (77.5 years)⁴³. Babies are more often born early or small: 11.80% of births in 2024 were preterm, 1.4 percentage points above the US figure (10.41%), 10.27% had low birthweight, 1.8 percentage points above the US figure (8.52%), and the infant mortality rate was 6.4 per 1,000 live births, 16% above the US figure (5.5 per 1,000 live births). Heart disease and Cancer²⁹ are the leading causes of death, the same top two as for the country (Heart disease, Cancer⁴⁴).

Education, work and veterans

Among adults aged 25 and older, 36.3% (±0.5 percentage points) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, 1.1 percentage points below the US figure (37.4%) and up from 27.1% in 2005¹³. The share with at least a high school diploma, 90.7%, is not statistically different from the US figure (90.6%)⁴⁵. Of public high school students who started ninth grade together, 84% graduated within four years in the 2021–22 school year, 3.0 percentage points below the US figure (87%)⁴⁶.

Unemployment averaged 3.4% in 2025 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 0.9 percentage points below the US figure (4.3%)⁴⁷. Georgia's economy, at $936.1 billion, was the 8th largest⁴⁸ in the country, matching its population rank.

Georgia is home to 596,611 veterans, the 6th highest number of any state and 6.8% of adults, 0.9 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%). Compared with veterans nationally, more served recently and more are women: 33.9% served after September 2001, 2.5 percentage points above the US figure (31.4%)⁵⁰, and 15.0% are women, 3.6 percentage points above the US figure (11.4%)⁴⁹.