Population across the states

Every state's population in one table

The table lists all 50 states and the District of Columbia by their population on July 1, 2025, with each one's share of the national total, the change since the April 2020 estimates base, residents per square mile of land and seats in the US House of Representatives. Select a column heading to sort.

The largest states hold a large share of the country. California alone has 11.51% of all US residents, Texas 9.28%, Florida 6.86% and New York 5.85%. The typical state is far smaller: the median of the 50 states and DC is 4,606,864, the population of Kentucky (26th largest). At the bottom, Wyoming (588,753) and Vermont (644,663) each have fewer residents than the District of Columbia (693,645¹).

Each measure has its own ranking page with every state, regional leaders and notes on the data: population, population growth, population density, land area and rural population. Moves between states are covered in the migration hub.

Growth in the year to July 2025

The country added 1,781,060 residents between July 1, 2024 and July 1, 2025, a growth rate of 0.52%. 22¹ states grew faster than that.

In numbers, Texas added the most people (391,243), followed by Florida (196,680) and North Carolina (145,907). In percentage terms the order is different: South Carolina (1.46%), Idaho (1.44%) and North Carolina (1.32%), with Texas fourth at 1.25%¹.

The Northeast and Midwest grew more slowly. The fastest-growing state in the Northeast, New Hampshire, grew 0.48%, below the national rate, and the fastest in the Midwest, South Dakota, 0.86%. 5 states lost residents: California, Hawaii, New Mexico, Vermont and West Virginia. California had the largest loss in numbers (−9,465) and Vermont the largest in percentage terms (−0.29%¹).

Five years after the 2020 Census

Between the April 2020 estimates base and July 1, 2025, the US population grew by 10,268,744, or 3.10%. The gains were uneven. Texas added 2,560,323 people and Florida 1,924,311; North Carolina, third, added 756,576¹.

Idaho10.36%

Florida8.93%

South Carolina8.83%

Texas8.78%

Utah8.17%

North Carolina7.25%

Delaware7.07%

Arizona6.51%

Tennessee5.83%

Nevada5.69%

Montana5.58%

Georgia5.50%

South Dakota5.46%

Oklahoma4.14%

Colorado4.11%

Washington3.81%

Maine3.79%

Arkansas3.43%

Alabama3.34%

United States3.10%

Virginia2.88%

Nebraska2.86%

New Jersey2.79%

Indiana2.75%

New Hampshire2.74%

North Dakota2.60%

Connecticut2.24%

Kentucky2.23%

Minnesota2.17%

Wyoming2.06%

Missouri1.88%

Massachusetts1.72%

Rhode Island1.56%

Iowa1.50%

Maryland1.35%

Kansas1.34%

Wisconsin1.33%

Ohio0.86%

Oregon0.86%

District of Columbia0.59%

Alaska0.53%

Michigan0.48%

Pennsylvania0.44%

New Mexico0.38%

Vermont0.25%

Mississippi−0.24%

California−0.51%

Illinois−0.80%

Louisiana−0.85%

New York−1.00%

Hawaii−1.54%

West Virginia−1.54%

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Period: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Growth since 2020
Idaho	10.36%
Florida	8.93%
South Carolina	8.83%
Texas	8.78%
Utah	8.17%
North Carolina	7.25%
Delaware	7.07%
Arizona	6.51%
Tennessee	5.83%
Nevada	5.69%
Montana	5.58%
Georgia	5.50%
South Dakota	5.46%
Oklahoma	4.14%
Colorado	4.11%
Washington	3.81%
Maine	3.79%
Arkansas	3.43%
Alabama	3.34%
United States	3.10%
Virginia	2.88%
Nebraska	2.86%
New Jersey	2.79%
Indiana	2.75%
New Hampshire	2.74%
North Dakota	2.60%
Connecticut	2.24%
Kentucky	2.23%
Minnesota	2.17%
Wyoming	2.06%
Missouri	1.88%
Massachusetts	1.72%
Rhode Island	1.56%
Iowa	1.50%
Maryland	1.35%
Kansas	1.34%
Wisconsin	1.33%
Ohio	0.86%
Oregon	0.86%
District of Columbia	0.59%
Alaska	0.53%
Michigan	0.48%
Pennsylvania	0.44%
New Mexico	0.38%
Vermont	0.25%
Mississippi	−0.24%
California	−0.51%
Illinois	−0.80%
Louisiana	−0.85%
New York	−1.00%
Hawaii	−1.54%
West Virginia	−1.54%

Measured as a percentage, Idaho grew fastest (10.36%), ahead of Florida (8.93%), South Carolina (8.83%) and Texas (8.78%). Only 19 states grew faster than the nation, while the median state grew 2.24%¹.

California, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York and West Virginia had fewer residents in July 2025 than in April 2020. The two largest losses in numbers were in two of the four largest states: New York (−201,269) and California (−200,394). West Virginia and Hawaii had the largest percentage declines, both −1.54%¹.

The pattern continues the decade before. Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses, Utah (18.4%), Idaho (17.3%) and Texas (15.9%) grew fastest against 7.4% for the country, and West Virginia shrank most (−3.2%⁵).

Births, deaths and migration behind the totals

Every state's change is the sum of four parts: births, minus deaths, plus net migration from other states, plus net migration from abroad. For the country as a whole, the year to June 2025 had 3,620,461 births and 3,101,603 deaths, a natural increase of 518,858 (1.5 per 1,000 residents). Net international migration added 1,262,202 (3.7 per 1,000 residents), down from 2,734,468¹ the year before, and was again the larger source of national growth.

At state level the balance differs sharply. 17 states recorded more deaths than births in the year to June 2025: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and West Virginia. Their populations grow only if migration makes up the difference. Florida is the clearest case: since April 2020 it has had the largest natural decrease of any state (−102,970) and still added 1,924,311¹ residents. Its growth came from people moving in, from other states and from abroad.

Births+1,152,429

Deaths−1,255,399

Net domestic migration+890,348

Net international migration+1,133,327

Residual (estimation adjustment)+3,606

Total change+1,924,311

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

Show the numbers

Component	People
Births	1,152,429
Deaths	−1,255,399
Net domestic migration	890,348
Net international migration	1,133,327
Residual (estimation adjustment)	3,606
Total change	1,924,311

At the other end, Texas had the largest natural increase since April 2020 (723,693), and the largest in the year to June 2025 (157,711). Relative to population, Utah had the most births over deaths (7.1 per 1,000 residents) and West Virginia the most deaths over births (−4.5 per 1,000 residents). Including both kinds of migration, South Carolina had the highest net migration rate in 2025 (14.4 per 1,000 residents¹). The states with more deaths than births are examined in a separate article.

States below their peak

Most states reached their largest population in 2025. A few did not. The peak used here is the highest figure in the census counts since 1790 and the July 1 estimates since 2000.

• West Virginia peaked at the 1950 Census with 2,005,552 residents. Its July 2025 population, 1,766,147, is 0.9 times the 1950 count.
• The District of Columbia also peaked in 1950 (802,178⁶); it has 693,645 residents now.
• California and New York peaked in 2019, at 39,547,995 and 20,220,321.
• Illinois and Mississippi peaked in 2014 (12,968,905 and 2,987,656); Louisiana and Alaska in 2016; Hawaii in 2018.
• Vermont (2023) and New Mexico (2024¹) peaked recently; both lost residents in the year to July 2025.

CaliforniaNew YorkIllinoisUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

Show the numbers

Year	California	New York	Illinois	United States
2010	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2011	100.9	100.9	100.4	100.8
2012	101.7	101.7	100.6	101.6
2013	102.6	102.4	100.9	102.4
2014	103.5	103.0	101.0	103.2
2015	104.4	103.4	100.9	104.0
2016	105.1	103.7	100.8	104.8
2017	105.6	103.9	100.6	105.6
2018	105.9	104.1	100.3	106.2
2019	106.0	104.1	100.0	106.7
2020	105.9	103.6	99.6	107.2
2021	104.9	102.1	98.9	107.3
2022	104.8	101.5	98.2	108.0
2023	105.0	101.9	98.3	108.8
2024	105.5	103.0	98.9	109.9
2025	105.4	103.0	99.0	110.5

The chart compares the three largest states that are below their peak with the country. Illinois reached its highest estimate in 2014, California and New York in 2019¹; the US population rose in every year shown.

How the order has changed since 1900

In 1900 the census counted 75,994,575 people in the United States; by 1950 the figure was 150,697,361⁶, and in 2020 331,449,281⁵.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

Show the numbers

Year	United States
1790	3,929,214
1800	5,308,483
1810	7,239,881
1820	9,638,453
1830	12,860,702
1840	17,063,353
1850	23,191,876
1860	31,443,321
1870	38,558,371
1880	50,155,783
1890	62,947,714
1900	75,994,575
1910	91,972,266
1920	105,710,620
1930	122,775,046
1940	131,669,275
1950	150,697,361
1960	179,323,175
1970	203,211,926
1980	226,545,805
1990	248,709,873
2000	281,421,906
2010	308,745,538
2020	331,449,281
2021	332,100,166
2022	333,996,304
2023	336,755,052
2024	340,003,797
2025	341,784,857

The ranking of states has turned over during that time. New York was the largest state at both the 1900 and 1950 censuses (1st of 51 and 1st of 51), with Pennsylvania (2nd of 51 in 1900) and Illinois (3rd of 51⁶) behind it. Today New York is 4th largest, Pennsylvania 5th largest and Illinois 6th largest¹.

California rose from 21st of 51 in 1900 to 2nd of 51 in 1950 and is now largest. Florida went from 33rd of 51 to 20th of 51 and is now 3rd largest. Missouri (5th of 51 in 1900) and Iowa (10th of 51⁶) moved the other way and are now 18th largest and 20th smallest¹.

The fastest long-run growth has been in the Southwest. Nevada, the smallest state at the 1900 Census and the second smallest in 1950, ahead only of the territory of Alaska, now has 20.5 times its 1950 population, the largest increase of any state counted that year. Arizona has 10.2 times and Florida 8.5 times their 1950 populations; Pennsylvania has 1.2 times¹.

Ranks for 1900 and 1950 are among the areas the census counted at the time that are states today, plus the District of Columbia. Alaska enters the series in 1880 and Hawaii in 1900⁶, both as territories.

Density and urban living

The United States has 96.7 people per square mile of land. The District of Columbia, a single city, is far denser than any state (11,347.8 people per square mile). Among the states, New Jersey (1,298.2 people per square mile), Rhode Island (1,078.0 people per square mile) and Massachusetts (917.1 people per square mile) are the most densely populated, and Alaska (1.3 people per square mile), Wyoming (6.1 people per square mile) and Montana (7.9 people per square mile²) the least.

28 of the 50 states and DC are denser than the country as a whole, and the median state has 110.3 people per square mile². The national figure is lower than the median because a few very large states, Alaska above all, have much land and few people.

Density measures land, not where people live within a state. The 2020 Census classified 80.0% of Americans as living in urban areas. California (94.2%), Nevada (94.1%) and New Jersey (93.8%) have the highest urban shares after the District. Nevada, 9th least densely populated², shows how the two differ: its land is mostly empty, but 94.1%⁹ of its residents live in urban areas.

United States80.0%

Kentucky58.7%

New Hampshire58.3%

Alabama57.7%

South Dakota57.2%

Arkansas55.5%

Montana53.4%

Mississippi46.3%

West Virginia44.7%

Maine38.6%

Vermont35.1%

Source: Census Bureau, 2020 Census urban and rural population by state. Period: April 1, 2020.

Show the numbers

State	Urban share
United States	80.0%
Kentucky	58.7%
New Hampshire	58.3%
Alabama	57.7%
South Dakota	57.2%
Arkansas	55.5%
Montana	53.4%
Mississippi	46.3%
West Virginia	44.7%
Maine	38.6%
Vermont	35.1%

Vermont (35.1%), Maine (38.6%), West Virginia (44.6%) and Mississippi (46.3%⁹) are the only places where most residents live outside urban areas. This site covers states only; it does not publish figures for cities or counties.

Population and seats in the House

The seats in the US House of Representatives are divided among the 50 states after each census, in proportion to population, as the Census Bureau explains. The District of Columbia has no voting seat. The 2020 Census set the seats for the 2020s: California has 52, Texas 38 and Florida 28³, and Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming have a single seat each.

Compared with the 2010 apportionment, Texas gained the most seats (+2); Colorado, Florida, Montana, North Carolina and Oregon gained a seat each (+1); California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia lost a seat each (−1³).

Because seats are whole numbers, the population each seat represents varies. Delaware, with one seat, has the most residents per seat (990,837). Montana, which gained its second seat in 2020, has the fewest (542,704), followed by Rhode Island (549,082). The median is 763,247³. These figures use the apportionment population, which adds US military and federal civilian employees stationed abroad, and their dependents, to their home states. Population estimates published between censuses do not change the number of seats.

Which population figure to use

Several official population figures exist for each state. They differ because they measure different things at different dates.

• Population estimates for July 1, 2025 (Census Bureau, Vintage 2025): 341,784,857 for the US. This is the official current figure and the one used for rankings on this site. Each year's release revises all earlier years back to 2020.
• 2020 Census count (April 1, 2020): 331,449,281⁵. It is fixed and is the basis for House seats, but it is more than five years old.
• Estimates base (April 1, 2020): 331,516,113¹. The estimates start from this figure, which is close to, but not the same as, the census count. Growth "since 2020" on this site is measured from it.
• American Community Survey 2025: 341,784,859¹⁰. The survey is weighted to the population estimates, so its totals match them closely; use it for characteristics such as income or education, not as a separate count.
• American Community Survey 2020–2024: 334,922,499¹¹, an average over five years, used for small groups. It describes the period, not a single date.

The next estimates, for July 1, 2026, are scheduled for December 2026. State figures for 2026 published before then are projections, not estimates. Each state's page, such as Texas or Ohio, reconciles these figures for that state.