Idaho population, growth and demographics

Between the 2020 Census and July 2025, Idaho's population grew by 10.36%, the highest in the nation and well ahead of Florida (8.93%) and South Carolina (8.83%). The country as a whole grew by 3.10% over the same period. In absolute terms the gain was 190,610 people, the 13th highest increase: Idaho is a small state, 15th smallest¹ by population, so its growth stands out more in percent than in head counts.

A small state with a long growth streak

The fast pace is not new. Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses Idaho grew by 17.3%, 2nd highest after Utah (18.4%) and 9.9 percentage points above the US figure (7.4%). The population is now 1.6 times its size at the 2000 Census (1,293,953⁶) and 3.4 times¹ its 1950 count (588,637⁹).

IdahoUtahMontanaWashingtonUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

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Year	Idaho	Utah	Montana	Washington	United States
2000	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2001	101.6	101.7	100.4	101.3	101.0
2002	103.2	103.6	100.9	102.4	101.9
2003	104.9	105.2	101.8	103.3	102.8
2004	107.1	107.0	102.9	104.5	103.8
2005	109.9	109.5	104.0	105.9	104.7
2006	113.0	112.5	105.4	107.8	105.7
2007	115.8	115.7	106.7	109.3	106.8
2008	118.1	118.6	108.0	111.0	107.8
2009	119.6	121.3	108.9	112.8	108.7
2010	120.9	123.7	109.6	114.1	109.6
2011	122.1	125.6	110.5	115.6	110.5
2012	123.2	127.5	111.3	116.8	111.4
2013	124.6	129.6	112.4	118.0	112.2
2014	126.3	131.5	113.4	119.6	113.1
2015	128.0	133.7	114.5	121.5	114.1
2016	130.6	136.5	115.7	123.8	115.0
2017	133.5	139.3	117.1	126.0	115.8
2018	136.2	141.8	118.0	127.7	116.4
2019	139.2	144.0	119.0	129.2	117.0
2020	142.3	146.3	120.3	130.7	117.5
2021	146.6	148.8	122.4	131.0	117.7
2022	149.5	151.2	124.1	131.7	118.4
2023	151.6	153.7	125.1	132.6	119.3
2024	154.0	156.1	125.9	134.1	120.5
2025	156.2	157.7	126.7	135.4	121.1

The census record starts in 1870, with 14,999 people counted in the area of the present state. Growth was slow for much of the 20th century: the count rose only from 431,866 in 1920 to 712,567⁹ in 1970.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	Idaho
1870	14,999
1880	32,610
1890	88,548
1900	161,772
1910	325,594
1920	431,866
1930	445,032
1940	524,873
1950	588,637
1960	667,191
1970	712,567
1980	943,935
1990	1,006,749
2000	1,293,953
2010	1,567,582
2020	1,839,106
2021	1,904,855
2022	1,942,951
2023	1,970,497
2024	2,000,872
2025	2,029,733

Idaho has 2 seats in the US House of Representatives. Its 2020 apportionment population per seat, 920,688, was the 2nd highest of any state after Delaware¹². This page covers the state as a whole; figures for cities such as Boise, Twin Falls, Rexburg and Moscow are published in the Census Bureau's QuickFacts.

Where Idaho's new residents come from

In the year to June 2025, Idaho gained 19,915 more residents from other states than it lost. Relative to its population that is 9.9 per 1,000 residents, the 2nd highest rate in the country after South Carolina (12.1 per 1,000 residents) and higher than every bordering state (Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming)¹.

South Carolina12.1

Idaho9.9

North Carolina7.6

Delaware6.5

Tennessee5.8

Montana5.6

Maine5.3

Arkansas4.7

New Hampshire4.6

Nevada4.6

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Period: July 1, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

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State	Net domestic migration rate per 1,000
South Carolina	12.1
Idaho	9.9
North Carolina	7.6
Delaware	6.5
Tennessee	5.8
Montana	5.6
Maine	5.3
Arkansas	4.7
New Hampshire	4.6
Nevada	4.6

Moves from other states made up 69% of the year's population gain. Births in excess of deaths supplied 24% and net international migration only 7%¹.

The domestic inflow peaked early. Idaho gained 52,350 people from other states in the year to June 2021, then 28,019 in 2022, 14,713 in 2023 and 15,975 in 2024, before the rise to 19,915 in 2025. Over the full period from April 2020 to June 2025 the net gain from other states was 139,784, against 24,146 from abroad and a natural increase of 28,510¹.

Births+118,599

Deaths−90,089

Net domestic migration+139,784

Net international migration+24,146

Residual (estimation adjustment)−1,830

Total change+190,610

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	118,599
Deaths	−90,089
Net domestic migration	139,784
Net international migration	24,146
Residual (estimation adjustment)	−1,830
Total change	190,610

The Census Bureau's survey of individual movers shows where the newcomers lived before. In 2024, Washington and California sent the most people to Idaho, followed by Utah, Arizona and Oregon. Many people also moved the other way: the most common destinations of departing Idahoans were Utah, Washington, California and Arizona. These survey counts carry wide margins of error, so the order among the smaller states is not certain. In total 72,442 people moved in from other states and 60,127¹³ moved out.

Moved to Idaho from

Washington17,837 ±3,554

California15,385 ±2,919

Utah5,417 ±1,302

Arizona4,511 ±1,645

Oregon4,206 ±1,226

Nevada3,270 ±1,674

Colorado2,295 ±1,050

Montana2,214 ±1,018

Left Idaho for

Utah8,393 ±2,579

Washington7,927 ±1,960

California6,509 ±1,562

Arizona5,130 ±2,437

Oregon4,397 ±1,638

Texas3,374 ±1,645

Colorado2,345 ±1,075

Nevada2,150 ±766

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
Washington	17,837 ±3,554	7,927 ±1,960
California	15,385 ±2,919	6,509 ±1,562
Utah	5,417 ±1,302	8,393 ±2,579
Arizona	4,511 ±1,645	5,130 ±2,437
Oregon	4,206 ±1,226	4,397 ±1,638
Nevada	3,270 ±1,674	2,150 ±766
Colorado	2,295 ±1,050	2,345 ±1,075
Montana	2,214 ±1,018	–
Texas	2,169 ±1,185	3,374 ±1,645

On tax returns filed for 2022 and 2023, Idaho gained 12,739 more filers and dependents than it lost, higher than every bordering state (Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming)¹⁴.

Decades of moves show in where residents were born. Only 44.5% of Idahoans were born in Idaho (±1.0 percentage points), 11.9 percentage points below the US figure (56.4%). Another 34.4% were born elsewhere in the West, against 5.6% of all US residents. Smaller shares were born in the Midwest (6.4%), the South (5.3%) and the Northeast (2.4%¹⁵), all below the corresponding national shares.

Latter-day Saints, Catholics and Evangelicals

Searches about Idaho often ask what share of residents are Mormon, LDS, Catholic or Christian. The census does not collect religious affiliation, but the U.S. Religion Census gathers counts from the religious bodies themselves. In 2020 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints counted 462,069 Idahoans, 25.1% of the population and 47.6% of everyone on a congregation's books in the state. Catholic parishes counted 11.1%, up from 7.9% in 2010, and Evangelical Protestant churches 12.4%¹⁶.

In this study's grouping, Christian congregations, Latter-day Saints included, counted 52.4% of residents. All bodies together counted 52.7%, higher than Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and Wyoming; lower than Utah¹⁶. The numbers describe congregational membership, not personal belief, and some churches did not report; the religion overview sets out the limits.

What percent of Idaho is white, Hispanic, Black and Native American

Non-Hispanic white residents made up 76.0% of Idaho's population in 2025 (±0.3 percentage points), 21.0 percentage points above the US figure (55.0%). The share was 86.9%¹⁷ in 2005, and the 2025 figure is down from 77.8% in 2024. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 14.6%, up from 14.3% in 2024, and non-Hispanic residents of two or more races 5.3%².

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic76.0% 90.3%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)14.6%

Two or more races, not Hispanic5.3%

Asian, not Hispanic1.6% 3.2%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.9% 3.9%

Black, not Hispanic0.8% 1.8%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.6%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.1% 0.6%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	76.0%	±0.3	90.3%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	14.6%	±0.1	–
Two or more races, not Hispanic	5.3%	±0.3	–
Asian, not Hispanic	1.6%	±0.2	3.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.9%	±0.1	3.9%
Black, not Hispanic	0.8%	±0.1	1.8%
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.6%	±0.2	–
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.1%		0.6%

Idaho's Hispanic population is mostly of Mexican origin. Over 2020–2024, people of Mexican origin made up 11.0% of all residents, the 9th highest share in the nation. South American (0.6%), Central American (0.5%) and Puerto Rican (0.3%¹⁹) origins were each far smaller.

The Black population is one of the smallest in the country. Counting everyone who reported Black or African American race, alone or with another race, the share was 1.8% in 2025, the 3rd lowest; only Montana (1.2%) and Wyoming (1.6%¹⁸) were lower. Non-Hispanic Asian residents were 1.6%²; the largest Asian groups over 2020–2024 were Filipino (4,359), Chinese (4,149) and Asian Indian (3,517²⁰) residents.

American Indian and Alaska Native people, alone or in combination with another race, were 3.9% of residents in 2025, 0.8 percentage points above the US figure (3.2%)²¹. At the 2020 Census the largest specific tribe among people reporting a single race was the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation, followed by the Nez Perce Tribe²².

Basque, English and Scandinavian roots

No state has a larger Basque share of its population than Idaho. Over 2020–2024, 0.43% of Idahoans reported Basque ancestry, ahead of Nevada (0.13%) and Wyoming (0.10%). By number, only California (17,756) has more people of Basque origin than Idaho (8,311²³). The group is small, and the single-year 2025 estimate (4,300, ±1,521) has medium reliability (CV 22%)²⁴, so the five-year figures are the better guide.

The most common ancestries are much larger. English ancestry was reported by 17.8%²⁴ of residents in 2025; on the five-year data that share is the 3rd highest in the country, after Utah and Maine. Scottish (6th highest share), Norwegian (11th highest) and Swedish (9th highest²³) ancestries are also more common than in most states. People can report up to two ancestries, so the groups overlap.

Room to spread out

Idaho has 82,645 square miles of land, the 11th largest²⁵ area, and 24.6 people per square mile, making it the 7th least densely populated²⁶ state. At the 2020 Census, 69.2% of residents lived in urban areas and 30.8% in rural ones, 10.8 percentage points above the US figure (20.0%). The rural share is higher than Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington; lower than Montana and Wyoming²⁷.

Married couples, children and large households

Idaho stands out most in how people live together. In 2025, married couples headed 55.8% of households (±0.9 percentage points), the 2nd highest share after Utah and 9.2 percentage points above the US figure (46.6%). Only 24.8% of households were a person living alone, the 2nd lowest²⁸ share, and the average household had 2.59 people, tied for 7th largest²⁹ in the country.

Among people aged 15 and older, 27.7% had never married, the 2nd lowest share after Wyoming (26.4%), and 56.1%³⁰ were married. Families headed by a woman with no spouse present made up 8.5% of households, 3.6 percentage points below the US figure (12.1%)²⁸.

Women in Idaho have more children than in most states. The total fertility rate, the number of births a woman would have at current rates, was 1.82 in 2024, the 3rd highest after South Dakota and Nebraska, and 14% above the US figure (1.60). The difference is concentrated among women in their late twenties: their birth rate was 121.6 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29, 36% above the US figure (89.5 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29), while for women aged 30 to 34 it was 5% above the US figure (93.7 per 1,000 women aged 30 to 34)³¹.

Age: many children, an older population growing fast

Children under 18 make up 23.3% of Idahoans, a share tied for 5th highest, and the median age of 37.9 years (±0.3 years) is 1.6 years below the US figure (39.5 years)³. Yet the share of residents aged 65 and older, 18.7%, is close to the national figure. Between 2020 and 2025 the number of residents aged 65 and older rose by 65,714 (21.0%), to 379,157, while the number of children rose by only 9,192 (2.0%), to 472,102. As a result the child share is down from 25.0% in 2020, and the 65-and-older share is up from 16.9% in 2020³².

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.94	2.81	2.76	2.65
5-9	3.20	3.06	2.96	2.83
10-14	3.51	3.38	3.08	2.95
15-19	3.67	3.56	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.78	3.41	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.45	3.20	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.27	3.10	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.25	3.14	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.22	3.17	3.21	3.27
45-49	3.00	2.93	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.68	2.65	2.83	2.96
55-59	2.61	2.66	2.86	3.02
60-64	2.75	2.93	2.96	3.21
65-69	2.76	2.97	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.39	2.60	2.26	2.64
75-79	1.82	2.00	1.71	2.08
80-84	1.06	1.25	1.00	1.32
85+	0.75	1.09	0.78	1.28

With many children and an average share of older people, Idaho has fewer working-age adults per dependent than most states. Its total dependency ratio, the number of children and older residents for every 100 working-age residents, is 72.2, the 9th highest³² in the country. Men slightly outnumber women: 101.2 males per 100 females in 2025 (±0.7), 5% above the US figure (96.4)³³.

Household income at the US level, income per person below it

The median household income was $84,234 in 2025 (±$1,941), not statistically different from the US figure ($84,780)⁴. Income per person tells a different story. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts personal income per resident at $64,200 in 2025, $12,828 (17%) below the US figure ($77,028) and lower than every bordering state (Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming)³⁴. The same survey that measures household income puts income per person at $41,816, $5,355 (11%) below the US figure ($47,171)³⁵. Household and per-person measures can diverge where households are larger than average, as they are in Idaho.

IdahoUnited States

Under $25,00012.3% 14.0%

$25,000–$49,99915.8% 15.4%

$50,000–$99,99930.3% 27.8%

$100,000–$199,99930.3% 28.0%

$200,000 or more11.2% 14.8%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Share of households in each band of income in the past 12 months, in 2025 dollars.

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Household income	Idaho	MOE	United States
Under $25,000	12.3%	±0.7	14.0%
$25,000–$49,999	15.8%	±0.8	15.4%
$50,000–$99,999	30.3%	±0.9	27.8%
$100,000–$199,999	30.3%	±1.0	28.0%
$200,000 or more	11.2%	±0.6	14.8%

Income is spread more evenly than in most states. The Gini index, where 0 means equal incomes and 1 means one household has everything, was 0.443 (±0.008), 8% below the US figure (0.482)³⁷. Households with $200,000 or more made up 11.2%, 3.6 percentage points below the US figure (14.8%)³⁶, but both middle-income bands, from $50,000 up to $200,000, held larger shares than nationally.

The official poverty rate was 9.7% (±0.7 percentage points), 2.1 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%) and not statistically different from 10.5% in 2024. Child poverty was 11.0%, 3.8 percentage points below the US figure (14.8%)⁵. Public programs reach fewer people than in most states: 6.6% of residents received SNAP food benefits in an average month of fiscal 2025, the 5th lowest³⁸ share, and 15.1% were enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP in June 2026, the 8th lowest³⁹.

Prices overall are a little below the national level: the BEA price index for Idaho was 95.5 in 2024 (US = 100), 5% below the US figure (100.0). Utilities are the exception. Their price level of 70.4 was the least expensive in the nation, less expensive than every bordering state (Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming), slightly below second-placed Louisiana (71.5). Adjusted for prices, personal income per resident was $52,816 in 2024, still $6,379 (11%) below the US figure ($59,195)⁴⁰.

Homes: newer and more expensive than average

Home values, unlike incomes, are well above the national level. The median value of an owner-occupied home was $457,800 in 2025 (±$6,135), $86,700 (23%) above the US figure ($371,100) and the 14th most expensive in the nation. In 2015, adjusted to 2025 dollars, the Idaho median was $239,470, below the national $264,192. The largest increase came between 2019 ($321,368) and 2022 ($475,783¹⁷); no 1-year estimate was published for 2020. The 2025 median was not statistically different from $458,146 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)⁴¹.

IdahoUtahWashingtonUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Idaho	Utah	Washington	United States
2005	$222,376 ±$3,266	$275,621 ±$2,435	$375,353 ±$2,268	$276,116 ±$531
2006	$261,738 ±$3,697	$301,023 ±$2,970	$427,341 ±$4,332	$295,753 ±$781
2007	$276,539 ±$3,928	$339,579 ±$3,099	$467,057 ±$3,823	$301,692 ±$666
2008	$274,687 ±$3,611	$352,891 ±$2,506	$460,703 ±$3,580	$295,472 ±$677
2009	$257,660 ±$3,132	$337,194 ±$2,989	$430,984 ±$2,433	$277,919 ±$494
2010	$243,758 ±$3,412	$320,679 ±$2,674	$401,292 ±$2,504	$265,609 ±$431
2011	$227,282 ±$2,820	$296,984 ±$3,600	$366,828 ±$3,422	$248,464 ±$361
2012	$216,644 ±$3,393	$280,025 ±$3,361	$340,741 ±$2,103	$241,043 ±$360
2013	$219,736 ±$2,731	$292,152 ±$2,760	$346,602 ±$3,250	$240,327 ±$310
2014	$224,795 ±$3,454	$303,535 ±$2,614	$362,012 ±$2,743	$246,418 ±$458
2015	$239,470 ±$3,494	$318,660 ±$2,661	$385,761 ±$2,310	$264,192 ±$394
2016	$254,059 ±$4,101	$335,750 ±$3,650	$411,002 ±$3,447	$274,985 ±$626
2017	$272,007 ±$4,424	$361,319 ±$3,479	$445,246 ±$3,235	$285,798 ±$574
2018	$298,856 ±$4,222	$388,859 ±$3,955	$478,350 ±$2,600	$294,497 ±$469
2019	$321,368 ±$5,048	$415,939 ±$4,025	$488,096 ±$2,922	$302,856 ±$568
2021	$438,770 ±$5,759	$501,027 ±$4,843	$577,067 ±$3,459	$334,335 ±$537
2022	$475,783 ±$5,233	$549,488 ±$4,934	$626,494 ±$5,067	$353,015 ±$684
2023	$452,852 ±$5,753	$546,993 ±$6,113	$608,592 ±$4,102	$359,450 ±$603
2024	$458,146 ±$5,440	$559,546 ±$6,351	$618,045 ±$4,000	$370,088 ±$634
2025	$457,800 ±$6,135	$543,400 ±$4,242	$605,600 ±$4,205	$371,100 ±$646

Rents are closer to the national level. The median gross rent was $1,462, $95 (6%) below the US figure ($1,557)⁴². Homeownership is common at 71.1%, the 11th highest⁴³ rate, and the housing stock is young: 23.5% of homes were built in 2010 or later, against 14.9%⁴⁴ nationally, and 73.1%⁴⁵ are single-family detached houses. Among owners with a mortgage, the share whose housing costs take 30 percent or more of income was 28.2%, 2.5 percentage points below the US figure (30.7%)⁴⁶.

Schooling: associate degrees and a low graduation rate

Among adults aged 25 and older, 33.2% held a bachelor's degree or higher in 2025 (±0.9 percentage points), 4.2 percentage points below the US figure (37.4%); allowing for the margins of error, Idaho ranks between 32nd and 41st. The share with an associate degree as their highest qualification, 10.5%, is 1.6 percentage points above the US figure (8.9%), and the share with at least a high school diploma, 92.6%, is 2.0 percentage points above the US figure (90.6%)⁴⁷.

Washington41.4% ±0.5

Utah39.1% ±0.7

United States37.4% ±0.1

Oregon36.6% ±0.6

Montana36.2% ±1.2

Wyoming33.7% ±1.6

Idaho33.2% ±0.9

Nevada29.0% ±0.8

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B15003. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

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State	Bachelor's degree or higher	MOE
Washington	41.4%	±0.5
Utah	39.1%	±0.7
United States	37.4%	±0.1
Oregon	36.6%	±0.6
Montana	36.2%	±1.2
Wyoming	33.7%	±1.6
Idaho	33.2%	±0.9
Nevada	29.0%	±0.8

Public high schools report a different picture. The adjusted cohort graduation rate, the share of students who finish high school within four years of starting ninth grade, was 80% in the 2021–22 school year, the 4th lowest among the states and DC that published a rate (New Mexico and Oklahoma did not), and lower than every bordering state (Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming)⁴⁸. The two measures cover different people: the attainment shares above describe all adults living in Idaho, including those who finished school in another state.

Immigrants and languages

122,134 Idaho residents, 6.0% of the population, were born outside the United States in 2025, 8.7 percentage points below the US figure (14.7%). More than half of them (55.2%¹⁵) were born in Latin America. At home, 10.9% of residents aged five and older speak a language other than English, most of them Spanish (7.9%); 3.0% speak English less than "very well", down from 3.9% in 2024⁴⁹.

Health, work and veterans

Life expectancy at birth was 78.4 years in 2022, 0.9 years above the US figure (77.5 years), with men living longer than average: 76.4 years, the 11th longest⁵⁰ of any state. The share of people without health insurance, 9.5%, is 1.1 percentage points above the US figure (8.4%), and among children it was 8.1%⁵¹.

Unemployment averaged 3.7% in 2025, 0.6 percentage points below the US figure (4.3%), and was 3.6%⁵² in September 2026. Veterans make up 7.4% of civilian adults, 1.5 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%): 115,297⁵³ people in 2025.