White population by state
Vermont has the highest share of residents who are white and not Hispanic, 89.4% on July 1, 2025, ahead of Maine (89.3%) and West Virginia (88.7%). Hawaii has the lowest (21.5%), followed by California (32.5%). Nationally the share is 56.1%; counting white Hispanic residents too, it is 72.3%1.
Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).
Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: July 1, 2025.
| 1 | Vermont | 89.4% | Higher | −1.2% | 91.6% | 95.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Maine | 89.3% | Higher | −2.1% | 91.4% | 94.6% |
| 3 | West Virginia | 88.7% | Higher | −1.3% | 90.7% | 93.8% |
| 4 | New Hampshire | 86.9% | Higher | −1.7% | 91.0% | 93.1% |
| 5 | Montana | 83.2% | Higher | −1.4% | 87.1% | 91.0% |
| 6 | Wyoming | 81.2% | Higher | −1.6% | 90.2% | 93.0% |
| 7 | Iowa | 81.0% | Higher | −2.5% | 87.7% | 89.8% |
| 8 | North Dakota | 79.7% | Higher | −2.6% | 83.9% | 87.4% |
| 9 | Kentucky | 79.6% | Higher | −2.4% | 84.4% | 87.5% |
| 10 | South Dakota | 78.0% | Higher | −2.3% | 82.3% | 85.4% |
| 11 | Idaho | 77.8% | Higher | −2.4% | 90.0% | 90.3% |
| 12 | Wisconsin | 77.7% | Higher | −1.9% | 84.7% | 86.9% |
| 13 | Missouri | 75.4% | Higher | −1.4% | 80.0% | 83.8% |
| 14 | Ohio | 74.5% | Higher | −2.2% | 78.6% | 82.1% |
| 15 | Minnesota | 74.3% | Higher | −3.0% | 79.8% | 82.6% |
| 16 | Indiana | 73.5% | Higher | −2.8% | 81.2% | 82.8% |
| 17 | Nebraska | 73.3% | Higher | −3.3% | 84.5% | 85.9% |
| 18 | Utah | 72.9% | Higher | −3.4% | 87.3% | 87.0% |
| 19 | Michigan | 71.9% | Higher | −1.5% | 76.9% | 80.0% |
| 20 | Pennsylvania | 71.8% | Higher | −2.6% | 78.5% | 80.0% |
| 21 | Kansas | 71.2% | Higher | −2.0% | 83.2% | 85.2% |
| 22 | Tennessee | 70.0% | Higher | −1.6% | 76.7% | 78.8% |
| 23 | Oregon | 69.8% | Higher | −3.4% | 82.2% | 84.5% |
| 24 | Arkansas | 67.6% | Higher | −1.7% | 75.4% | 77.9% |
| 25 | Rhode Island | 66.5% | Higher | −3.7% | 79.3% | 79.9% |
| 26 | Massachusetts | 66.3% | Higher | −3.7% | 76.3% | 76.3% |
| 27 | Colorado | 63.1% | Higher | −3.3% | 82.7% | 83.4% |
| 28 | Alabama | 62.5% | Higher | −1.2% | 67.3% | 69.6% |
| 29 | South Carolina | 61.9% | Higher | −0.9% | 68.3% | 70.3% |
| 30 | Connecticut | 60.9% | Higher | −3.8% | 75.2% | 73.9% |
| 31 | Washington | 60.8% | Higher | −4.3% | 72.4% | 75.7% |
| 32 | Oklahoma | 58.7% | Higher | −2.7% | 69.1% | 77.0% |
| 33 | North Carolina | 58.7% | Higher | −2.5% | 67.8% | 68.1% |
| 34 | Virginia | 57.0% | Higher | −2.4% | 65.8% | 67.9% |
| 35 | Alaska | 56.8% | Higher | −2.1% | 61.9% | 70.7% |
| 36 | Illinois | 56.7% | Higher | −2.4% | 72.4% | 69.4% |
| 37 | Delaware | 56.6% | Higher | −2.8% | 65.0% | 66.5% |
| 38 | Louisiana | 54.7% | Lower | −1.6% | 61.0% | 62.6% |
| 39 | Mississippi | 54.7% | Lower | −1.1% | 58.0% | 60.0% |
| 40 | New York | 51.5% | Lower | −2.1% | 64.5% | 61.7% |
| 41 | Arizona | 51.2% | Lower | −3.0% | 78.5% | 76.2% |
| 42 | Florida | 49.9% | Lower | −2.9% | 75.3% | 73.5% |
| 43 | New Jersey | 49.6% | Lower | −3.4% | 66.8% | 62.8% |
| 44 | Georgia | 47.9% | Lower | −2.8% | 56.8% | 57.5% |
| 45 | Maryland | 45.3% | Lower | −2.7% | 54.4% | 54.1% |
| 46 | Nevada | 42.3% | Lower | −4.4% | 66.6% | 63.0% |
| 47 | District of Columbia | 37.6% | Lower | −0.7% | 46.2% | 49.0% |
| 48 | Texas | 37.3% | Lower | −3.1% | 73.7% | 70.2% |
| 49 | New Mexico | 35.2% | Lower | −2.2% | 78.7% | 71.8% |
| 50 | California | 32.5% | Lower | −2.9% | 64.6% | 56.0% |
| 51 | Hawaii | 21.5% | Lower | −0.6% | 25.3% | 43.2% |
| United States | 56.1% | 72.3% | 71.6% |
Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02008. Period: July 1, 2025. "=" marks a tie at the displayed precision.
The ranking column counts people who are white alone and not Hispanic, the measure most often meant by "white population" in state comparisons. The second column adds white residents of Hispanic origin; both come from the Census Bureau's population estimates for July 1, 2025. The third column comes from the 2025 American Community Survey and counts everyone who reported white, alone or with one or more other races.
Less than half in nine states and DC
Non-Hispanic white residents are under half of the population in Hawaii (21.5%), California (32.5%), New Mexico (35.2%), Texas (37.3%), the District of Columbia (37.6%), Nevada (42.3%), Maryland (45.3%), Georgia (47.9%), New Jersey (49.6%) and Florida (49.9%1). States where this share is under half are often called majority-minority states.
Three of the ten crossed the line after the 2020 base of the estimates. Georgia's share was 47.9% in 2025, down from 50.6% in 2020; New Jersey's was 49.6%, down from 53.0% in 2020; Florida's was 49.9%, down from 52.8% in 2020. The two states closest to the line from above are New York (51.5%) and Arizona (51.2%1).
Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Period: July 1, 2025.
Show the numbers
| State | White alone, not Hispanic |
|---|---|
| United States | 56.1% |
| Louisiana | 54.7% |
| Mississippi | 54.7% |
| New York | 51.5% |
| Arizona | 51.2% |
| Florida | 49.9% |
| New Jersey | 49.6% |
| Georgia | 47.9% |
| Maryland | 45.3% |
| Nevada | 42.3% |
| District of Columbia | 37.6% |
| Texas | 37.3% |
| New Mexico | 35.2% |
| California | 32.5% |
| Hawaii | 21.5% |
The national share sits low in the ranking
37 states have a higher non-Hispanic white share than the nation's 56.1%; only 14, counting DC, are below it. The median state is at 66.3%1. The imbalance comes from population size: the four most populous states, California, Texas, Florida and New York, are all below the national share, and together they weigh heavily in the US figure.
The range inside each region is wide. In the Northeast it runs from Vermont (89.4%) to New Jersey (49.6%); in the South, from West Virginia (88.7%) to Texas (37.3%); in the West, from Montana (83.2%) to Hawaii (21.5%). The Midwest is the only region where every state is above the national share: its lowest, Illinois (56.7%), is 0.6 percentage points above the US figure (56.1%), and its highest is Iowa (81.0%1).
Maine, Vermont, Montana, Massachusetts and Oregon
Readers in these five states search for "what percent of the state is white" more often than their population size would suggest. Their answers on the main measure:
- Vermont: 89.4%, the highest in the nation and higher than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New York). The survey figure for 2025 is 87.9% (±0.3 percentage points).
- Maine: 89.3%, 2nd highest; it was 91.3% in 2020. Survey figure: 87.2% (±0.4 percentage points4).
- Montana: 83.2%, highest in the West and higher than every bordering state (Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming).
- Massachusetts: 66.3%, 26th highest and 4th lowest in the Northeast. It is down from 70.0% in 2020, one of the larger declines.
- Oregon: 69.8%, 23rd highest; higher than California, Nevada and Washington; lower than Idaho1.
The population estimates carry no margin of error; the survey figures differ from them a little because the survey measures race differently (see the last section).
Counting white Hispanic residents changes the order
The difference between the two population-estimate measures is Hispanic residents who are white alone: 72.3% of Americans are white alone of any origin, against 56.1%1 who are white and not Hispanic. Where the Hispanic share is large, the two rankings part ways.
| Colorado | 63.1% | 82.7% | 83.4% ±0.4 | 24.1% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Mexico | 35.2% | 78.7% | 71.8% ±0.9 | 49.4% |
| Arizona | 51.2% | 78.5% | 76.2% ±0.5 | 32.5% |
| Florida | 49.9% | 75.3% | 73.5% ±0.3 | 29.2% |
| Texas | 37.3% | 73.7% | 70.2% ±0.2 | 40.9% |
| Nevada | 42.3% | 66.6% | 63.0% ±0.8 | 31.2% |
| California | 32.5% | 64.6% | 56.0% ±0.2 | 41.2% |
| District of Columbia | 37.6% | 46.2% | 49.0% ±1.2 | 12.9% |
| Hawaii | 21.5% | 25.3% | 43.2% ±0.9 | 10.6% |
| United States | 56.1% | 72.3% | 71.6% ±0.1 | 20.5% |
Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02008; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002. ± is the 90% margin of error.
New Mexico moves the furthest. It is 3rd lowest on the non-Hispanic measure (35.2%) but 22nd highest when white Hispanic residents are included (78.7%). Colorado goes from 25th lowest to 15th highest, and Florida's share rises from 49.9% to 75.3%. On the broader measure the lowest shares are in Hawaii (25.3%), the District of Columbia (46.2%), Maryland (54.4%), Georgia (56.8%) and Mississippi (58.0%1). Hawaii has the highest Asian share of any state, and the District, Mississippi, Georgia and Maryland are four of the five highest Black shares.
Where the most white residents live
A high share does not mean many people. The survey count below is of people who reported white alone in 2025, of any Hispanic origin; the rank column uses 2020–2024, the period used to rank every state on the same basis.
| State | White residents, 2025 | Margin of error | Share of residents (survey) | Non-Hispanic white share (estimates) | Rank by number, 2020–2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas | 14,866,309 | ±66,992 | 46.9% | 37.3% | 2nd largest |
| California | 14,788,958 | ±55,081 | 37.6% | 32.5% | largest |
| Florida | 12,657,500 | ±57,483 | 54.0% | 49.9% | 3rd largest |
| New York | 10,623,092 | ±39,088 | 53.1% | 51.5% | 4th largest |
| Pennsylvania | 9,448,236 | ±18,794 | 72.3% | 71.8% | 5th largest |
| Ohio | 8,879,617 | ±15,392 | 74.6% | 74.5% | 6th largest |
| Illinois | 7,504,206 | ±24,516 | 59.0% | 56.7% | 7th largest |
| Michigan | 7,336,146 | ±13,300 | 72.4% | 71.9% | 8th largest |
| North Carolina | 6,688,166 | ±18,122 | 59.7% | 58.7% | 9th largest |
| Georgia | 5,580,954 | ±18,505 | 49.4%5 | 47.9%1 | 10th largest6 |
Texas and California are effectively tied: their 2025 counts differ by less than the margins of error, and California is first over 2020–2024. Both are among the five lowest non-Hispanic white shares. The country as a whole had 201.3 million5 people who reported white alone in 2025.
At the other end, the District of Columbia has the fewest (266,612, ±3,840), then Hawaii (319,370) and Alaska (426,892). Wyoming and Vermont, both near the top of the share ranking, are 4th smallest and 5th smallest6 by number: Vermont had 571,608 (±2,0835) white residents in 2025.
Every state's share fell after 2020
Between the 2020 base and July 1, 2025, the non-Hispanic white share went down in all 50 states and DC; the national share is down from 58.8% in 2020, a fall of 2.6 percentage points. The largest declines were in Nevada (4.4 percentage points, to 42.3%), Washington (4.3 percentage points, to 60.8%) and Connecticut (3.8 percentage points, to 60.9%). The smallest were in Hawaii (0.6 percentage points), the District of Columbia (0.7 percentage points) and South Carolina (0.9 percentage points1). These are population estimates, not survey figures; each new vintage revises the earlier years.
Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.
Show the numbers
| Year | Nevada | Georgia | Florida | United States |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 59.8% ±0.1 | 59.7% ±0.0 | 62.0% ±0.0 | 66.8% ±0.0 |
| 2006 | 58.6% ±0.1 | 58.7% ±0.0 | 61.0% ±0.0 | 66.2% ±0.0 |
| 2007 | 57.9% ±0.0 | 58.3% ±0.0 | 60.6% ±0.0 | 65.8% ±0.0 |
| 2008 | 57.0% ±0.1 | 57.9% ±0.0 | 60.1% ±0.0 | 65.4% ±0.0 |
| 2009 | 55.6% ±0.1 | 57.3% ±0.0 | 59.3% ±0.0 | 64.9% ±0.0 |
| 2010 | 54.0% ±0.0 | 55.8% ±0.0 | 57.8% ±0.1 | 63.7% ±0.0 |
| 2011 | 53.5% ±0.0 | 55.4% ±0.0 | 57.3% ±0.0 | 63.3% ±0.0 |
| 2012 | 52.7% ±0.0 | 55.0% ±0.0 | 56.8% ±0.0 | 62.8% ±0.0 |
| 2013 | 52.1% ±0.1 | 54.6% ±0.1 | 56.2% ±0.0 | 62.4% ±0.0 |
| 2014 | 51.3% ±0.1 | 54.2% ±0.0 | 55.6% ±0.0 | 61.9% ±0.0 |
| 2015 | 50.5% ±0.1 | 53.7% ±0.0 | 55.1% ±0.0 | 61.5% ±0.0 |
| 2016 | 49.8% ±0.1 | 53.2% ±0.0 | 54.7% ±0.0 | 61.1% ±0.0 |
| 2017 | 48.8% ±0.1 | 52.6% ±0.0 | 53.8% ±0.0 | 60.6% ±0.0 |
| 2018 | 48.4% ±0.1 | 52.2% ±0.0 | 53.3% ±0.0 | 60.2% ±0.0 |
| 2019 | 47.8% ±0.1 | 51.8% ±0.1 | 53.0% ±0.0 | 60.0% ±0.0 |
| 2021 | 45.2% ±0.2 | 50.2% ±0.1 | 51.1% ±0.1 | 58.1% ±0.0 |
| 2022 | 44.4% ±0.2 | 49.6% ±0.1 | 50.8% ±0.1 | 57.7% ±0.0 |
| 2023 | 44.4% ±0.2 | 48.7% ±0.1 | 50.3% ±0.1 | 57.1% ±0.0 |
| 2024 | 42.8% ±0.2 | 48.0% ±0.1 | 49.1% ±0.1 | 56.3% ±0.0 |
| 2025 | 41.5% ±0.2 | 47.1% ±0.1 | 48.3% ±0.1 | 55.0% ±0.0 |
The survey's longer series shows the same direction over two decades. The national share was 66.8% in 2005 and 55.0% in 2025. Nevada's share went from 59.8% to 41.5% (±0.2 percentage points), and Georgia's from 59.7% to 47.1% (±0.1 percentage points). The District of Columbia is the only exception over that span: up from 29.7% in 20057 to 36.8% (±0.2 percentage points4) in 2025, although the population estimates show a small decline there since 2020.
German, Irish, English: reported ancestry
The survey also asks about ancestry, which is self-reported, may list more than one origin, and is answered by people of every race. In 2025, 38.4 million people reported German ancestry, 30.6 million Irish, 29.8 million English and 15.5 million Italian; 19.9 million8 wrote "American". Each has a state where it is most common (shares for 2020–2024):
- German: Wisconsin (35.8%) and North Dakota (34.5%); the most people in Pennsylvania.
- Irish: New Hampshire (20.6%) and Massachusetts (18.6%).
- English: Utah (28.3%) and Maine (21.8%).
- Italian: Connecticut (15.3%) and Rhode Island (14.7%); the most people in New York.
- Norwegian: North Dakota (20.3%); Polish: Wisconsin (7.6%); French: Maine (11.4%).
- "American": Alabama (12.9%) and Kentucky (11.5%9).
Four national figures for one question
Federal sources give several answers to "what share of Americans is white", and each is correct for its definition:
- White alone, not Hispanic (population estimates): 56.1% on July 1, 2025. This is the ranking above.
- White alone, any origin (population estimates): 72.3%1. The estimates use modified race categories with no "Some other race" group; people who chose only that category are assigned to one of the other races.
- White alone (survey): 58.9% in 2025, much lower than the estimate because the survey keeps "Some other race". Another 27.9 million5 people reported white together with "Some other race"; that combination is most common, as a share, in New Mexico (21.1% in 2020–2024) and Texas (19.5%6).
- White alone or in combination (survey): 71.6% (±0.1 percentage points2). A person who reports two races is counted in both, so these shares add to more than the whole.
In Hawaii, multiracial residents almost double the figure. In the 2025 survey, 22.3% (±0.33 percentage points) of residents reported white alone, but 43.2% (±0.9 percentage points2) reported white alone or with another race; 79,0005 reported white and Asian. Federal standards treat race and Hispanic origin as two separate and distinct concepts, asked about separately.
Reading this ranking
- DC is a city. The District of Columbia is ranked with the states, as in Census Bureau tables. This site covers states, not cities or counties.
- Share or number. The highest share (Vermont1) and the most people (Texas and California) lead to different places.
- Do not mix sources. Estimate shares and survey shares use different race categories; compare a state with another state on the same measure.
- Dates. Shares in the main ranking are for July 1, 2025 (Vintage 2025 estimates); counts are 2025 survey figures; ranks by number and ancestry shares use 2020–2024. State estimates by race for July 1, 2026 are expected in June 2027.
Each state's full race and ethnicity breakdown is on the race and ethnicity hub and the state pages, such as Vermont, Maine and New Mexico.
Questions about the white population by state
What is the whitest state?
Vermont: 89.4% of its residents were white and not Hispanic on July 1, 2025, and 95.0% (±0.5 percentage points2) reported white alone or with another race in the American Community Survey. Maine is a close second at 89.3%1.
Which state has the most white people?
California and Texas, well ahead of Florida, the third. The survey counted 14,788,958 (±55,081) white residents in California and 14,866,309 (±66,9925) in Texas in 2025, a difference smaller than the margins of error; over 2020–2024 California ranks first. Both counts include white Hispanic residents.
What percent of the US population is white?
56.1% of US residents were white alone and not Hispanic on July 1, 2025, down from 58.8% in 2020. Including Hispanic residents who are white alone, the share was 72.3%1. In the 2025 American Community Survey, 71.6%2 reported white alone or together with another race.
Which states are majority-minority?
On July 1, 2025, non-Hispanic white residents were less than half of the population in nine states and the District of Columbia: Hawaii, California, New Mexico, Texas, the District, Nevada, Maryland, Georgia, New Jersey and Florida. Georgia, New Jersey and Florida dropped below half after 2020.
Related rankings
Sources
- Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025; Vintage 2025 (July 1 2020-2025); released June 25, 2026. www2.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02008; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C02003; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C02003; 2020-2024; released January 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025; 2005-2025 (no standard 2020 1-year release); released October 29, 2026. api.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B04006; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B04006; 2020-2024; released January 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.