Hawaii population, race and demographics

Hawaii had 1,432,820 residents on July 1, 2025, a change of −22,447 from the April 2020 census base. The estimates peaked at 1,459,965 in 2018. Only California lost more people than Hawaii in the year to July 2025, and since 2020 the change of −1.54% is tied for lowest, level with West Virginia¹.

A population below its 2018 peak

The islands grew without a break for most of the period after 2000: from 1,213,519⁹ in July 2000 to 1,365,117¹⁰ in 2010 and 1,459,965 in 2018. The estimates then fell each year to 1,434,950 in 2023, held almost flat in 2024 (1,434,952) and slipped again to 1,432,820 in 2025, a change of −2,132¹.

HawaiiUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

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Year	Hawaii	United States
2000	100.0	100.0
2001	101.0	101.0
2002	102.2	101.9
2003	103.1	102.8
2004	104.9	103.8
2005	106.5	104.7
2006	107.9	105.7
2007	108.4	106.8
2008	109.8	107.8
2009	111.0	108.7
2010	112.5	109.6
2011	114.1	110.5
2012	115.8	111.4
2013	117.3	112.2
2014	118.2	113.1
2015	119.2	114.1
2016	120.0	115.0
2017	120.2	115.8
2018	120.3	116.4
2019	120.1	117.0
2020	119.6	117.5
2021	119.2	117.7
2022	118.5	118.4
2023	118.2	119.3
2024	118.2	120.5
2025	118.1	121.1

Hawaii is one of 7 states that had fewer residents in July 2025 than in April 2020. It holds 0.42%¹ of the US population and sends 2¹¹ members to the House of Representatives, unchanged after the 2020 Census.

What percent of Hawaii is Asian?

56.6% of Hawaii residents (±0.4 percentage points) reported Asian as their race in the 2025 American Community Survey, alone or together with another race. That is the highest in the nation and almost three times the share in second-placed California (19.4%). Nationally the figure is 8.1%¹².

Hawaii56.6% ±0.4

California19.4% ±0.1

Washington14.6% ±0.1

Nevada13.1% ±0.2

New Jersey12.5% ±0.1

New York11.9% ±0.1

Virginia9.9% ±0.1

Massachusetts9.6% ±0.1

Alaska9.4% ±0.3

Maryland9.0% ±0.1

United States8.1% ±0.0

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02011. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

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State	Asian (alone or in combination)	MOE
Hawaii	56.6%	±0.4
California	19.4%	±0.1
Washington	14.6%	±0.1
Nevada	13.1%	±0.2
New Jersey	12.5%	±0.1
New York	11.9%	±0.1
Virginia	9.9%	±0.1
Massachusetts	9.6%	±0.1
Alaska	9.4%	±0.3
Maryland	9.0%	±0.1
United States	8.1%	±0.0

The two numbers people find for Hawaii differ because of how race is counted. The Census Bureau's population estimates put the share who report Asian as their only race at 36.7% in July 2025, down from 37.4% in 2020¹³. The larger figure adds the many residents who report Asian and one or more other races. Both are the highest of any state.

Filipino, Japanese and Chinese: the largest Asian groups

Filipino residents are the largest Asian group. In 2020–2024, 207,012 people (±5,014) reported Filipino alone, 14.3%¹⁴ of the population, and 372,011 reported Filipino alone or in combination, 25.7%¹⁵. Only one state has more Filipino residents by number, but none has a higher share.

Japanese residents come next: 11.7% alone, the highest share in the country, and 22.0% alone or in combination. The gap between the two Chinese figures is wider still: 4.1% of residents reported Chinese alone, while 15.6%¹⁵ reported Chinese ancestry with another group or race. Hawaii also has more Okinawan residents than any other state (5,022¹⁴ reporting Okinawan alone in 2020–2024).

The alone-or-in-combination columns overlap: a resident who is Japanese and Filipino appears in both, so they cannot be added up. They are still the better answer to "what share of Hawaii is Japanese", because the single-group count leaves out most people with mixed ancestry.

What percent of Hawaii is Native Hawaiian?

In 2025, 91,458 residents (±8,375) reported Native Hawaiian as their only race, 6.4%¹⁶ of the population. Far more report Native Hawaiian together with other races: 321,931 people, or 22.5% of residents. Across the whole country the survey counted 750,378¹⁷ people of Native Hawaiian ancestry alone or in combination.

The broader Census category, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, also covers Samoan, Marshallese, Tongan, Chuukese and Chamorro residents. Reported alone, the category is 10.9% of the population in the July 2025 estimates, the highest in the nation¹³; alone or in combination it reaches 27.3% in the 2025 survey, against 0.5%¹⁸ nationally. Hawaii has the largest Chuukese population of any state, and the second-largest Marshallese population.

The table shows how reliable each estimate is. Searches for "native" in Hawaii sometimes mean Native American. That is a separate Census category: American Indian and Alaska Native residents are 0.5%¹³ of the population alone, and 2.9% alone or in combination, not statistically different from the US figure (3.2%)²¹. In the 2020 Census the most common tribal response was Cherokee²².

The most multiracial state

24.6% of residents reported two or more races in July 2025, the highest in the nation and more than double the share in second-placed Alaska (10.6%¹³). In the detailed 2025 survey tables, 8.8% of residents reported three races and 1.6% reported four or more, both the highest²⁴ shares in the country. The most common pair, white and Asian, accounts for 5.5%²³ of the population.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

Asian, not Hispanic35.7% 56.6%

White, not Hispanic20.9% 43.2%

Two or more races, not Hispanic20.4%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)10.6%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic10.1% 27.3%

Black, not Hispanic1.7% 3.6%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.3%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.2% 2.9%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
Asian, not Hispanic	35.7%	±0.7	56.6%
White, not Hispanic	20.9%	±0.2	43.2%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	20.4%	±0.8	–
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	10.6%		–
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	10.1%	±0.4	27.3%
Black, not Hispanic	1.7%	±0.1	3.6%
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.3%	±0.1	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.2%	±0.1	2.9%

White residents who report no other race are 25.3% of the population, the lowest in the nation, and non-Hispanic white residents 21.5%, well below second-lowest California (32.5%¹³). On the Census Bureau's diversity index, the chance that two people chosen at random belong to different groups, Hawaii scores 76.6, the most diverse in the nation²⁶.

Hispanic or Latino residents of any race make up 10.6%, 9.9 percentage points below the US figure (20.5%)². Their origins differ from the national mix: the Puerto Rican share, 3.3% in 2020–2024, is 1.5 percentage points above the US figure (1.8%) and nearly equal to the Mexican-origin share (3.4%²⁷). Black residents are 2.0% of the population, the 6th lowest¹³ share.

Between the 2024 and 2025 surveys the non-Hispanic share reporting two or more races fell to 20.4% (down from 22.2% in 2024), while the non-Hispanic share reporting Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander as a single race rose to 10.1% (up from 9.1% in 2024²). Both changes are statistically significant.

More residents leave for other states than arrive

Moves to and from the rest of the country account for the decline. Between April 2020 and June 2025, net domestic migration was −59,402: −9,849 in the year to June 2021, −15,999 in 2022, −11,327 in 2023, −8,486 in 2024 and −8,876 in 2025. Relative to population, the 2025 figure of −6.2 per 1,000 residents was the 2nd lowest¹ in the country.

Two other components offset part of it. Births exceeded deaths by 12,812 over the same period, and net international migration added 24,479. Neither was large enough, so total net migration was −34,923, the 5th lowest¹ figure among the states.

Survey data on individual movers tell a more balanced story for a single year. In the 2024 American Community Survey, 53,093 people moved to Hawaii from other states and 51,804 moved away, a net figure of 1,289 (±8,972) that cannot be told apart from zero. California was the largest source and the largest destination, ahead of Texas²⁸. Tax returns for 2022–23 lean the other way: the net change in filers and their dependents was −6,825²⁹.

Moved to Hawaii from

California10,516 ±2,445

Texas5,174 ±2,026

Washington4,329 ±1,535

Florida4,002 ±1,825

Virginia3,143 ±1,389

North Carolina2,289 ±1,348

Georgia1,810 ±1,496

Pennsylvania1,741 ±1,380

Left Hawaii for

California9,923 ±2,644

Texas4,237 ±2,321

Florida3,966 ±2,243

Virginia3,917 ±2,352

Utah2,734 ±2,042

Washington2,534 ±953

Nevada2,501 ±1,347

New York2,299 ±1,352

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
California	10,516 ±2,445	9,923 ±2,644
Texas	5,174 ±2,026	4,237 ±2,321
Washington	4,329 ±1,535	2,534 ±953
Florida	4,002 ±1,825	3,966 ±2,243
Virginia	3,143 ±1,389	3,917 ±2,352
North Carolina	2,289 ±1,348	1,704 ±1,356
Georgia	1,810 ±1,496	–
Pennsylvania	1,741 ±1,380	–
Utah	–	2,734 ±2,042
Nevada	–	2,501 ±1,347
New York	1,595 ±700	2,299 ±1,352

3.6% of residents had lived in another state a year earlier, 1.5 percentage points above the US figure (2.1%)³⁰. Even so, 53.5% were born in Hawaii, and among those born elsewhere in the country the West is the most common birthplace (11.1% of residents, 5.5 percentage points above the US figure (5.6%)³¹).

The oldest residents and the longest lives

Hawaii has the highest share of residents aged 85 and older, 3.0% in July 2025, ahead of Florida (2.7%). Residents aged 65 and older make up 22.6%, up from 19.5% in 2020, and they now outnumber children: 324,150 people aged 65 and over against 281,717 under 18. The number of children is down from 303,038 in 2020¹³.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.65	2.50	2.76	2.65
5-9	2.84	2.69	2.96	2.83
10-14	2.86	2.72	3.08	2.95
15-19	2.79	2.64	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.41	2.82	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.38	3.14	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.28	3.13	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.27	3.25	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.16	3.18	3.21	3.27
45-49	2.89	2.96	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.80	2.88	2.83	2.96
55-59	2.93	3.01	2.86	3.02
60-64	3.03	3.17	2.96	3.21
65-69	2.99	3.24	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.75	3.01	2.26	2.64
75-79	2.22	2.45	1.71	2.08
80-84	1.33	1.58	1.00	1.32
85+	1.14	1.91	0.78	1.28

The median age was 42.4 years in 2025 (±0.3 years), 2.9 years above the US figure (39.5 years) and oldest in the West³. It was 38.5 years³² in 2005. For every 100 people of working age there are 39.2 people aged 65 and older, the 4th highest¹³ old-age dependency ratio.

Life expectancy at birth was 80.0 years in 2022, the longest in the nation and 2.5 years above the US figure (77.5 years). Women could expect to live 83.0 years, the longest in the nation, and men 77.1 years (tied for 3rd longest³³).

Hawaii shares no border with any state, so the comparison below is with the other states of the Census Bureau's Pacific division.

Hawaii80.0

California79.3

Washington78.4

Oregon77.7

United States77.5

Alaska75.8

Source: CDC National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. State Life Tables, 2022. Period: 2022.

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State	Life expectancy
Hawaii	80.0
California	79.3
Washington	78.4
Oregon	77.7
United States	77.5
Alaska	75.8

Other health measures point the same way: 27.0% of adults reported obesity in 2024, 7.2 percentage points below the US figure (34.2%)³⁴, and 4.1% of residents had no health insurance in 2025, the 3rd lowest share, though up from 3.5% in 2024³⁵.

High incomes, higher prices

The median household income was $105,013 in 2025 (±$3,065), $20,233 (24%) above the US figure ($84,780) and highest in the West. Its national rank could lie between 1st and 8th⁴. Income per person, $49,530, is much closer to the US level ($2,359 (5%) above the US figure ($47,171)³⁶); households in Hawaii are larger than average, so each household's income is shared among more people.

Prices take back more than the income advantage. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts Hawaii's overall price level at 110.0 for 2024 (US = 100), second only to California (110.7). Hawaii is the most expensive in the nation for goods (111.6) and for utilities (190.2, almost double the national level). After adjusting for those prices, personal income per person was $52,272 in 2024, $6,923 (12%) below the US figure ($59,195) and the 5th lowest³⁷ of any state.

Housing is where the gap is widest. The median value of an owner-occupied home was $901,500 in 2025 (±$16,299), the most expensive in the nation and well above California ($770,700³⁸). 41.9% of owner-occupied homes were valued at $1 million or more, up from 39.6% in 2024³⁹. The median rent of $2,009 is the 3rd most expensive⁴⁰ of any state, and 55.1%⁴² of renters spend 30 percent or more of their income on housing.

Hawaii$901,500 ±$16,299

California$770,700 ±$3,949

Washington$605,600 ±$4,205

Oregon$507,900 ±$4,066

Alaska$385,100 ±$8,954

United States$371,100 ±$646

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25077. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

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State	Median home value (owner-occupied)	MOE
Hawaii	$901,500	±$16,299
California	$770,700	±$3,949
Washington	$605,600	±$4,205
Oregon	$507,900	±$4,066
Alaska	$385,100	±$8,954
United States	$371,100	±$646

Prices also change the poverty picture. The official poverty rate, 9.3% in 2025, is 2.5 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%)⁵. The Supplemental Poverty Measure, which adjusts the poverty line for local housing costs and counts benefits such as SNAP as income, puts poverty at 11.7% for 2023–2025, not statistically different from the US figure (13.0%). The gap between the two measures, 3.1 percentage points, is 0.8 percentage points above the US figure (2.3 percentage points)⁴¹. The average SNAP benefit, $354.88 per person per month in fiscal 2025, is the highest in the nation, ahead of Alaska ($318.16⁴³).

Catholic, Latter-day Saint and Buddhist congregations

Hawaii's mix of religious bodies is unlike that of any other state. In the 2020 U.S. Religion Census the Catholic Church counted 269,726 adherents (18.5% of residents). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints came second with 75,009 members, 5.2% of residents and the 6th highest share among the states. Mahayana Buddhist temples counted 46,778 adherents, 3.2%⁴⁴ of the population.

Christian congregations counted 37.3% of residents, the 9th lowest⁴⁴ share. Temples and churches report these numbers themselves, and some Buddhist and other groups were hard to reach during the pandemic, so the totals are a floor rather than a survey of belief; see religion across the states.

Large households and frequent marriages

Households average 2.78 people, the 2nd largest after Utah (2.88), although the average was down from 2.85 in 2024⁴⁵. Families make up 67.5% of households, 3.6 percentage points above the US figure (63.9%), and only 25.5% of households are a person living alone, the 4th lowest⁴⁶ share.

Hawaii's marriage rate was 12.4 per 1,000 residents in 2024, the 3rd highest of any state and 97% above the US figure (6.3 per 1,000 residents)⁴⁷. 49.1% of households are married couples, 2.5 percentage points above the US figure (46.6%)⁴⁶.

Immigrants and the languages of home

18.0% of residents were born abroad in 2025, the 8th highest share, and 77.8% of them were born in Asia. Another 10.3% of the foreign born came from Oceania, 9.7 percentage points above the US figure (0.6%). Immigrants in Hawaii are more often citizens than elsewhere: 64.5% have naturalized, the 2nd highest share, up from 61.1% in 2024³¹.

A quarter of residents aged 5 and older, 25.1%⁴⁸, speak a language other than English at home. Hawaii has the highest shares of people who speak Tagalog (4.4%), Japanese (2.7%) and Korean (1.1%) at home in 2020–2024. Among Tagalog speakers, 46.6%⁴⁹ speak English less than "very well".

Islands, water and density

Water makes up 41.5% of Hawaii's total area, tied for highest among the states. The land area of 6,423 square miles is the 4th smallest among the 50 states⁵⁰. With 223.1 people per square mile, Hawaii is the 16th most densely populated state and 2nd most densely populated in the West⁵¹. At the 2020 Census, 86.1% of residents lived in urban areas, 6.1 percentage points above the US figure (80.0%)⁵². The site covers states only, so island and county figures are not shown here.

Work, education and veterans

Unemployment averaged 2.4% in 2025, the 2nd lowest rate after South Dakota; in September 2026 it was 2.8%⁵³. 38.9% of adults aged 25 and older held a bachelor's degree or higher in 2025 (±1.0 percentage points), 1.5 percentage points above the US figure (37.4%), and 93.8%⁵⁴ had finished high school.

Veterans are 7.7% of civilian adults, 1.8 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%); the state's rank could lie between 4th and 17th⁵⁵. HUD's January 2025 point-in-time count found 6,828 people experiencing homelessness, 47.6 per 10,000 residents, the 5th highest rate. The January 2024 count had been 11,637⁵⁶.