Per capita personal income by state

What per capita personal income counts

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) adds up the personal income of each state's residents: wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income, rental income, income from assets, and transfer receipts from government and business, minus contributions for government social insurance. It then divides that total by the state's population. The result is an average for every resident, including children and retirees, in current dollars with no adjustment for prices.

These figures are estimated largely from administrative records, not from a survey, so they have no margin of error. Two states a few hundred dollars apart are still separated by a real difference in the estimates, but the BEA revises them every year and a small gap can close at the next release.

Connecticut leads the states; DC is above them all

The District of Columbia's $119,772 is $42,744 (55%) above the US figure ($77,028). It is a city with no rural areas, so read the comparison among states from Connecticut down. Connecticut's $102,307 is the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher) and higher than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island)¹, even though two of those neighbors are themselves in the top four.

Mississippi $54,433District of Columbia $119,772

Source: BEA, SAINC1 State annual personal income summary. Each dot is a state. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Per capita personal income
District of Columbia	$119,772
Connecticut	$102,307
Massachusetts	$98,700
New York	$91,504
Wyoming	$91,109
California	$90,957
New Jersey	$89,720
Washington	$88,944
New Hampshire	$88,145
Colorado	$86,342
Maryland	$82,387
Virginia	$80,903
Alaska	$80,510
South Dakota	$78,999
Illinois	$78,987
Florida	$78,345
Minnesota	$78,197
North Dakota	$77,438
Hawaii	$76,966
Nebraska	$76,055
Vermont	$75,723
Pennsylvania	$75,370
Rhode Island	$75,233
Nevada	$73,767
Oregon	$73,283
Texas	$73,156
Montana	$72,066
Maine	$71,742
Wisconsin	$71,219
Utah	$70,323
Missouri	$69,836
Tennessee	$69,274
Kansas	$69,149
Delaware	$68,630
Arizona	$68,373
North Carolina	$68,274
Ohio	$67,584
Iowa	$67,321
Michigan	$67,245
Indiana	$66,455
Oklahoma	$66,055
Georgia	$65,111
Idaho	$64,200
Louisiana	$64,103
South Carolina	$63,435
New Mexico	$62,089
Arkansas	$61,697
Kentucky	$60,835
Alabama	$59,754
West Virginia	$58,217
Mississippi	$54,433

The rest of the top ten mixes the Northeast and the West: New York ($91,504), Wyoming ($91,109), California ($90,957), New Jersey ($89,720), Washington ($88,944), New Hampshire ($88,145) and Colorado ($86,342). Wyoming sits between New York and California. It is the highest in the West and higher than every bordering state (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota and Utah)¹.

Only 18 states, counting DC, are above the national $77,028; 33 are below it. The middle of the list is $73,156, Texas's figure. The national value is total income over the total population, so populous high-income states such as California and New York pull it above the typical state. Hawaii is the closest to it: $62 (0%) below the US figure ($77,028)¹.

Mississippi and the South at the bottom

Mississippi's $54,433 is the lowest in the nation, $22,595 (29%) below the US figure ($77,028). After it come West Virginia ($58,217), Alabama ($59,754), Kentucky ($60,835) and Arkansas ($61,697). Eight of the ten lowest are in the Census Bureau's South region; the exceptions are New Mexico ($62,089) and Idaho ($64,200¹), both in the West.

Each region has its own range:

• Northeast: from Connecticut ($102,307) to Maine ($71,742). Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont are all a little below the US figure.
• Midwest: no Midwestern state is in the top ten. The highest, South Dakota ($78,999), ranks 14th highest; the lowest is Indiana ($66,455).
• West: from Wyoming ($91,109) to New Mexico ($62,089). Utah is $6,705 (9%) below the US figure ($77,028).
• South: both ends of the national list. Apart from DC, the highest Southern states are Maryland ($82,387) and Virginia ($80,903); Florida ($78,345¹) is the only other Southern state above the US figure.

Adjusted for cost of living

The same dollar buys more in Mississippi, with prices at 87.0, than in California, at 110.7. The BEA's regional price parities measure each state's price level against the national average (US = 100), and dividing per capita income by them gives real per capita personal income, in constant dollars. The latest year with price parities is 2024, so this view is one year behind the main ranking. Nationally it was $59,195².

District of Columbia$81,872

Wyoming$75,501

Connecticut$74,254

Massachusetts$71,629

South Dakota$69,153

Nebraska$65,297

North Dakota$65,271

Colorado$65,223

New Hampshire$64,632

Washington$64,421

United States$59,195

Source: BEA, SARPP Regional Price Parities by state. Period: 2024.

Show the numbers

State	Real per capita income
District of Columbia	$81,872
Wyoming	$75,501
Connecticut	$74,254
Massachusetts	$71,629
South Dakota	$69,153
Nebraska	$65,297
North Dakota	$65,271
Colorado	$65,223
New Hampshire	$64,632
Washington	$64,421
United States	$59,195

• The Plains move up. South Dakota ranks 14th highest on 2025 income but 5th highest on 2024 real income ($69,153), with prices at 88.6 (US = 100). Nebraska goes from 20th highest to 6th highest and North Dakota from 18th highest to 7th highest. The largest climbs are Iowa's, from 14th lowest to 19th highest, and Oklahoma's, from 11th lowest to 23rd highest.
• Wyoming becomes the top state. Its real income per person, $75,501, is the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher), $16,306 (28%) above the US figure ($59,195).
• The high-price coastal states move down. California (110.7) goes from 6th highest to 13th highest, New York (107.9) from 4th highest to 11th highest. Both stay above the national real figure.
• Hawaii falls furthest. It is 19th highest¹ before prices but, at a price level of 110.0, 5th lowest after them ($52,272). Florida also drops below the national figure: $2,064 (3%) below the US figure ($59,195).
• The bottom changes little. Low prices narrow Mississippi's gap but do not close it: its real income is $10,730 (18%) below the US figure ($59,195), the lowest in the nation². West Virginia and New Mexico are next.

After prices, 20 states, counting DC, are above the US figure and 31² below it. All prices by state are on the cost of living ranking.

Two official numbers for income per person

Two federal agencies publish per capita income by state, and their figures differ. For 2025 the BEA's is $77,028¹; the Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) gives $47,171 (±$115³). The ACS figure is the mean income for every man, woman and child: the money income that people 15 and older report in a household survey, divided by the whole population. The same Census document explains that the BEA series is estimated largely from administrative records and includes items the survey leaves out, such as income in kind and Medicare payments, so survey totals usually come out lower.

The two measures agree on the ends of the list: the District of Columbia is highest and Mississippi lowest on both. In between, several states sit on opposite sides of the national figure depending on the source.

• Above the US on the BEA measure, not on the survey. Wyoming's BEA figure is $14,081 (18%) above the US figure ($77,028); its ACS figure ($47,371, ±$1,995) is not statistically different from the US figure ($47,171). South Dakota is $1,971 (3%) above the US figure ($77,028) on the BEA measure and $3,736 (8%) below the US figure ($47,171) in the survey. Florida is $1,317 (2%) above the US figure ($77,028) on the BEA measure but $949 (2%) below the US figure ($47,171) in the survey.
• Above the US in the survey, below it on the BEA measure. Vermont's survey figure is $3,073 (7%) above the US figure ($47,171), its BEA figure $1,305 (2%) below the US figure ($77,028). Rhode Island is $3,911 (8%) above the US figure ($47,171) in the survey and $1,795 (2%) below the US figure ($77,028) on the BEA measure, and Hawaii $2,359 (5%) above the US figure ($47,171)³ against $62 (0%) below the US figure ($77,028)¹.

The data on this page do not say which income component drives each gap. The BEA's state estimates are the ones used in allocation formulas for federal programs such as Medicaid; the ACS figure fits comparisons with other survey results on this site, such as household income and poverty.

Twenty years of survey income per person

On this site the survey measure is available for every year from 2005, here in constant 2025 dollars. Nationally the survey figure was $41,521 in 2005, $38,705⁵ in 2010 and $47,171³ in 2025.

WashingtonConnecticutMississippiUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers

Year	Washington	Connecticut	Mississippi	United States
2005	$44,219 ±$471	$56,304 ±$847	$29,805 ±$426	$41,521 ±$83
2006	$43,927 ±$403	$54,693 ±$726	$29,179 ±$448	$40,587 ±$69
2007	$45,339 ±$380	$56,081 ±$673	$30,247 ±$484	$41,686 ±$73
2008	$45,442 ±$450	$56,243 ±$751	$30,425 ±$552	$41,497 ±$89
2009	$43,540 ±$418	$53,955 ±$877	$29,028 ±$468	$39,861 ±$80
2010	$42,129 ±$379	$52,101 ±$774	$28,363 ±$385	$38,705 ±$76
2011	$42,142 ±$371	$51,720 ±$580	$28,187 ±$469	$38,443 ±$66
2012	$42,101 ±$321	$52,012 ±$746	$28,366 ±$427	$38,517 ±$63
2013	$42,599 ±$393	$52,397 ±$767	$27,994 ±$449	$39,144 ±$62
2014	$43,498 ±$354	$53,788 ±$717	$28,737 ±$413	$39,465 ±$68
2015	$45,667 ±$432	$53,773 ±$592	$29,036 ±$462	$40,884 ±$80
2016	$47,505 ±$493	$55,318 ±$661	$30,554 ±$517	$41,909 ±$85
2017	$48,745 ±$402	$55,408 ±$807	$30,481 ±$530	$42,710 ±$84
2018	$50,342 ±$447	$56,657 ±$740	$31,091 ±$579	$43,537 ±$99
2019	$52,479 ±$456	$57,330 ±$701	$31,978 ±$718	$45,086 ±$96
2021	$54,948 ±$558	$57,291 ±$775	$32,058 ±$597	$45,613 ±$94
2022	$55,886 ±$471	$56,786 ±$927	$31,976 ±$449	$46,022 ±$101
2023	$54,990 ±$572	$56,161 ±$808	$32,571 ±$602	$45,794 ±$96
2024	$56,666 ±$492	$57,707 ±$876	$33,633 ±$578	$46,477 ±$103
2025	$56,777 ±$592	$58,121 ±$1,033	$33,291 ±$625	$47,171 ±$115

• Washington was at $44,219 in 2005 and $56,777 in 2025, now $9,606 (20%) above the US figure ($47,171).
• Connecticut was at $56,304 in 2005, far above Washington, and at $58,121 in 2025, close to it.
• Mississippi was at $29,805⁵ in 2005 and $33,291 in 2025 (±$625), still $13,880 (29%) below the US figure ($47,171)³.

Earlier years are converted to 2025 dollars with the consumer price index. The chart has no 2020 point: the Census Bureau did not release standard one-year estimates for 2020 because of disruptions to data collection.

Before comparing states

• An average, not a typical person. Per capita income is total income divided by all residents. A small number of very high incomes raises it; the median household income ranking shows the middle household instead.
• Everyone counts in the denominator. Children and retirees are included, so states with many children have lower figures for the same earnings per worker.
• Different years. The main ranking is 2025; the price-adjusted figures are 2024, the latest year of regional price parities. Price parities for 2025 are scheduled for December 10, 2026.
• Revisions. The BEA's next state personal income release, expected on December 23, 2026, may revise the 2025 values on this page.
• Not GDP. Personal income counts what residents receive; GDP counts what is produced in the state. The GDP per capita ranking compares the two.
• States only. County and metro incomes are published by the BEA but are not covered on this site.