Kansas population and demographics

Kansas is home to 0.87% of everyone in the United States. Its population is larger than Nebraska; smaller than Colorado, Missouri and Oklahoma¹, and its July 2025 estimate is the highest the state has recorded, at any census or in any annual estimate. Kansas kept its 4⁹ House seats after the 2020 Census. All figures on this page describe the state as a whole; the site does not publish figures for Wichita, Kansas City, Garden City or other cities and counties.

KansasColoradoMissouriNebraskaOklahoma

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

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Year	Kansas	Colorado	Missouri	Nebraska	Oklahoma
2010	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2011	100.5	101.4	100.3	100.8	100.7
2012	101.1	102.8	100.5	101.6	101.5
2013	101.5	104.3	100.8	102.4	102.4
2014	101.8	105.9	101.1	103.3	103.0
2015	102.2	107.8	101.3	104.1	103.8
2016	102.4	109.5	101.6	105.0	104.2
2017	102.4	111.0	102.0	105.7	104.3
2018	102.5	112.5	102.2	106.3	104.5
2019	102.6	113.6	102.5	106.8	104.9
2020	102.8	114.7	102.7	107.3	105.5
2021	102.8	115.2	102.9	107.3	106.2
2022	102.8	116.0	103.1	107.8	107.1
2023	103.2	117.1	103.5	108.6	108.1
2024	103.7	118.7	104.1	109.6	109.0
2025	104.1	119.1	104.6	110.3	109.7

Slower growth than every neighbor since 2020

Between the April 2020 census base and July 2025, Kansas added 39,234 residents, a rise of 1.34%, 1.8 percentage points below the US figure (3.10%). Each bordering state grew faster over the same period: Missouri by 1.88%, Nebraska by 2.86%, Colorado by 4.11% and Oklahoma by 4.14%¹. Slow growth is not new. From the 2010 Census to the 2020 Census the state grew by 3.0%, 4.4 percentage points below the US figure (7.4%)⁶.

The components of change show why the total moves so little. Since April 2020, Kansas recorded 180,137 births and 161,805 deaths, a natural increase of 18,332. Net international migration added 44,277. Moves between states went the other way: −24,277, lower than every bordering state (Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma)¹.

Births+180,137

Deaths−161,805

Net domestic migration−24,277

Net international migration+44,277

Residual (estimation adjustment)+902

Total change+39,234

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

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Component	People
Births	180,137
Deaths	−161,805
Net domestic migration	−24,277
Net international migration	44,277
Residual (estimation adjustment)	902
Total change	39,234

The domestic loss was largest in the year to June 2022, at −7,185, and has narrowed since: −5,284 in 2023, −4,775 in 2024 and −519 in the year to June 2025, close to a balance. Net international migration fell in the same year, from 15,548 to 7,440. The result was growth of 11,968 in the year to July 2025, or 0.40%¹.

Births keep the balance positive. Kansas recorded 11.6 per 1,000 residents in the year to June 2025, a birth rate tied for 9th highest among the states and 9% above the US figure (10.6 per 1,000 residents). Its death rate was 9.9 per 1,000 residents. Kansas is one of 33 states, plus the District of Columbia, that recorded more births than deaths in the year to June 2025¹.

Missouri on both sides of the ledger

Survey data on individual moves show a state that trades people evenly with the rest of the country. In 2024, 83,083 people aged one and over moved to Kansas from another state and 82,986 moved the other way, a difference of 97 (±10,766¹²) that the survey cannot distinguish from zero.

Moved to Kansas from

Missouri21,660 ±3,165

Colorado6,987 ±2,091

Texas6,355 ±1,985

Oklahoma5,414 ±2,204

California5,217 ±1,468

Arizona4,068 ±2,270

Nebraska3,236 ±1,585

Tennessee2,515 ±1,468

Left Kansas for

Missouri18,446 ±3,129

Texas9,920 ±3,535

Florida4,722 ±1,935

Oklahoma4,459 ±996

Illinois3,693 ±1,865

Minnesota3,171 ±2,188

Iowa2,460 ±1,764

Georgia2,411 ±1,521

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

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State	Moved in from	Moved out to
Missouri	21,660 ±3,165	18,446 ±3,129
Colorado	6,987 ±2,091	–
Texas	6,355 ±1,985	9,920 ±3,535
Oklahoma	5,414 ±2,204	4,459 ±996
California	5,217 ±1,468	–
Arizona	4,068 ±2,270	–
Nebraska	3,236 ±1,585	–
Tennessee	2,515 ±1,468	–
Florida	2,512 ±1,065	4,722 ±1,935
Illinois	–	3,693 ±1,865
Minnesota	–	3,171 ±2,188
Iowa	–	2,460 ±1,764
Georgia	–	2,411 ±1,521

Missouri dominates the exchange in both directions: 21,660 people moved from Missouri to Kansas and 18,446 moved from Kansas to Missouri. The inflow from Missouri was statistically larger than the flow from Colorado, and the outflow to Missouri was statistically larger than the flow to Texas. More Kansans moved to Texas (9,920) than Texans moved to Kansas (6,355¹²), but the margins of error of the two flows overlap.

Federal tax returns give a slightly different reading for 2022 to 2023: a net flow of −4,048 people, lower than every bordering state (Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma), and a net income flow of −$361 million¹³, because the households that left reported more income than those that arrived. The two sources cover different years and different people, so they need not agree.

Moves from other states are more common than nationally. In 2025, 3.2% of Kansans had lived in another state a year earlier, 1.1 percentage points above the US figure (2.1%)¹⁴. Still, most residents were born in Kansas: 57.8%, down from 59.0% in 2024. Of those born elsewhere in the country, the largest group came from other Midwest states (14.8% of all residents, 7.9 percentage points above the US figure (6.9%)¹⁵).

Census history: a fast start, a slower century

The first census to count the area of present-day Kansas, in 1860, found 107,206 people. Thirty years later the count had reached 1,428,108, and Kansas ranked 19th of 50 among the present states. Since then Kansas has grown more slowly than most states, and its rank has slipped. The 1940 Census counted 1,801,028 residents, fewer than the 1,880,999¹⁶ of 1930, and by 2020 Kansas ranked 35th of 51⁶.

Source: Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990; Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results and historical resident population 1910-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Census counts every ten years (April 1); estimates for July 1 after 2020.

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Year	Kansas
1860	107,206
1870	364,399
1880	996,096
1890	1,428,108
1900	1,470,495
1910	1,690,949
1920	1,769,257
1930	1,880,999
1940	1,801,028
1950	1,905,299
1960	2,178,611
1970	2,246,578
1980	2,363,679
1990	2,477,574
2000	2,688,418
2010	2,853,118
2020	2,937,880
2021	2,938,966
2022	2,938,034
2023	2,949,749
2024	2,965,252
2025	2,977,220

What percent of Kansas is white, Hispanic and Black

Most Kansans are white and not Hispanic: 70.2% in the 2025 American Community Survey, 15.2 percentage points above the US figure (55.0%). The share has been falling: it is down from 71.8% in 2024² and down from 81.6% in 2005¹⁷.

Hispanic or Latino residents of any race are the second-largest group, at 14.4%, up from 14.2% in 2024² and up from 9.3% in 2009¹⁷. In the Census Bureau's population estimates the Hispanic share of Kansas is the 2nd highest in the Midwest¹⁸. Most Hispanic Kansans are of Mexican origin: 10.4% of all residents in 2020–2024, the 12th highest share among the states and the 2nd highest in the Midwest¹⁹.

KansasUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

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Year	Kansas	United States
2009	9.3% ±0.0	15.8% ±0.0
2010	10.5% ±0.0	16.4% ±0.0
2011	10.7% ±0.0	16.7% ±0.0
2012	10.9% ±0.0	16.9% ±0.0
2013	11.1% ±0.0	17.1% ±0.0
2014	11.3% ±0.0	17.3% ±0.0
2015	11.6% ±0.0	17.6% ±0.0
2016	11.6% ±0.0	17.8% ±0.0
2017	11.9% ±0.0	18.1% ±0.0
2018	12.0% ±0.0	18.3% ±0.0
2019	12.2% ±0.0	18.4% ±0.0
2021	12.7% ±0.0	18.8% ±0.0
2022	13.0% ±0.0	19.1% ±0.0
2023	13.7% ±0.0	19.4% ±0.0
2024	14.2% ±0.0	20.0% ±0.0
2025	14.4% ±0.0	20.5% ±0.0

Non-Hispanic Black residents make up 5.3%, 6.4 percentage points below the US figure (11.7%); including people who reported Black with another race, the share is 7.6%²⁰. Non-Hispanic Asian residents are 3.1%, and non-Hispanic residents who report two or more races are 5.6%, up from 4.9% in 2024². On the diversity index, the chance that two residents picked at random belong to different groups, Kansas scores 47.9, 24% below the US figure (63.5)²¹.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic70.2% 85.2%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)14.4%

Two or more races, not Hispanic5.6%

Black, not Hispanic5.3% 7.6%

Asian, not Hispanic3.1% 4.2%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.7% 4.0%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.4%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.3% 0.5%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

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Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	70.2%	±0.2	85.2%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	14.4%		–
Two or more races, not Hispanic	5.6%	±0.2	–
Black, not Hispanic	5.3%	±0.2	7.6%
Asian, not Hispanic	3.1%	±0.1	4.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.7%	±0.1	4.0%
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.4%	±0.1	–
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.3%	±0.1	0.5%

American Indian Kansans: Cherokee, Potawatomi and others

Counting everyone who reported American Indian or Alaska Native alone or with another race, 4.0% of Kansans identified that way in 2025, 0.8 percentage points above the US figure (3.2%) and the 3rd highest in the Midwest²². Far fewer report it as their only race: the 2020 Census counted 21,314 people who were American Indian alone, against 86,202²³ alone or in combination.

The largest write-in group in 2020 was Cherokee, with 27,845 people counting all responses, most of them in combination with another race. The Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation counted 1,757²³ people, alone or in combination. Counts of different groups overlap and should not be added together.

Wide land, few people per square mile

Kansas is the 13th largest state by land area, at 81,759 square miles, and the 10th least densely populated, with 36.4 people per square mile in 2025, 62% below the US figure (96.7 people per square mile)²⁵. Water covers only 0.6% of its total area, a share tied for 4th lowest²⁴ among the states.

At the 2020 Census 27.7% of Kansans lived outside urban areas, 7.7 percentage points above the US figure (20.0%) and higher than Colorado and Nebraska; lower than Missouri and Oklahoma²⁶. Getting to work is mostly by car: 76.5% of workers drove to work alone and 0.5%²⁷ took public transportation. The average trip to work took 20.5 minutes, the 8th shortest commute of any state and 6.9 minutes below the US figure (27.4 minutes)²⁸.

More children and more married couples than most states

The median Kansan is 38.4 years old (±0.3 years), 1.1 years below the US figure (39.5 years)³. The difference sits at the young end of the pyramid. Children under 18 make up 22.9% of the population, a share tied for 8th highest in the country and tied for 3rd highest in the Midwest, while the share aged 65 and older (18.9%) is the same as the US figure (18.9%)¹⁸.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

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Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.99	2.83	2.76	2.65
5-9	3.19	3.04	2.96	2.83
10-14	3.40	3.25	3.08	2.95
15-19	3.70	3.51	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.91	3.54	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.28	3.07	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.19	3.06	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.25	3.18	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.24	3.19	3.21	3.27
45-49	2.88	2.85	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.65	2.68	2.83	2.96
55-59	2.64	2.69	2.86	3.02
60-64	2.88	3.06	2.96	3.21
65-69	2.77	3.06	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.33	2.63	2.26	2.64
75-79	1.70	1.99	1.71	2.08
80-84	0.96	1.28	1.00	1.32
85+	0.80	1.33	0.78	1.28

Fertility is above the national level. The total fertility rate was 1.77 births per woman in 2024, tied for 9th highest and 11% above the US figure (1.60). Among women in their late twenties the rate was 112.0 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29, 25% above the US figure (89.5 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29)²⁹. Even so, the number of children is shrinking as the population ages: Kansas had 682,768 residents under 18 in 2025, down from 709,284 in 2020, while the number aged 65 and older was up from 493,306 in 2020¹⁸.

Vermont 17.0%Utah 26.1%

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each dot is a state. Period: July 1, 2025.

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State	Under 18
Utah	26.1%
Texas	24.0%
Nebraska	23.7%
South Dakota	23.5%
Alaska	23.3%
Idaho	23.3%
Oklahoma	23.2%
Kansas	22.9%
North Dakota	22.9%
Louisiana	22.7%
Indiana	22.6%
Arkansas	22.4%
Mississippi	22.3%
Iowa	22.2%
Georgia	22.2%
Kentucky	22.1%
Minnesota	22.0%
Missouri	21.7%
Wyoming	21.6%
Tennessee	21.5%
Alabama	21.5%
Maryland	21.3%
Ohio	21.3%
North Carolina	21.1%
Arizona	21.0%
Virginia	20.9%
New Jersey	20.9%
California	20.8%
New Mexico	20.7%
Nevada	20.7%
South Carolina	20.6%
Illinois	20.6%
Wisconsin	20.5%
Washington	20.4%
Michigan	20.4%
Colorado	20.3%
Montana	20.2%
Delaware	19.8%
Pennsylvania	19.7%
Hawaii	19.7%
New York	19.5%
West Virginia	19.5%
Connecticut	19.5%
Oregon	19.0%
Florida	18.9%
Massachusetts	18.6%
District of Columbia	17.9%
Rhode Island	17.7%
New Hampshire	17.3%
Maine	17.3%
Vermont	17.0%

Families are more often built around a married couple. Married-couple households were 49.3% of all households in 2025, 2.7 percentage points above the US figure (46.6%) and the highest in the Midwest; nationally the state ranks between 4th and 16th³⁰. Only 30.8% of people aged 15 and older had never married, 4.0 percentage points below the US figure (34.8%)³¹, and the divorce rate of 1.7 per 1,000 residents in 2024 was the 4th lowest³² among the states that report divorces.

Incomes below the US, prices further below

The median Kansas household had income of $77,824 in 2025 (±$1,333), $6,956 (8%) below the US figure ($84,780); it was not statistically different from $77,501 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars). Allowing for the margins of error, Kansas ranks between 33rd and 37th, and its median is higher than Missouri and Oklahoma; lower than Colorado and Nebraska⁴.

Lower prices offset that gap. The Bureau of Economic Analysis puts the Kansas price level at 90.1 for 2024 (US = 100), 10% below the US figure (100.0), with housing rents at 71.2. Adjusted for those prices, personal income per resident was $59,172, $23 (0%) below the US figure ($59,195)³³: in purchasing power, income per resident is essentially level with the national average. Before that adjustment, per capita personal income was $7,879 (10%) below the US figure ($77,028)³⁴.

Incomes bunch in the middle. In 2025, 31.2% of households had income between $50,000 and $100,000, 3.4 percentage points above the US figure (27.8%), and 11.1% had $200,000 or more, 3.7 percentage points below the US figure (14.8%)³⁸.

Housing is where the low prices are clearest. The median owner-occupied home was worth $252,600, $118,500 (32%) below the US figure ($371,100)³⁵, and the median gross rent was $1,134, $423 (27%) below the US figure ($1,557)³⁶. 42.7% of renters spent 30 percent or more of their income on housing, the 3rd lowest share in the country after North Dakota and Wyoming³⁷. Among owners with a mortgage the share was 24.6%, 6.1 percentage points below the US figure (30.7%)³⁹. 67.5%⁴⁰ of households own their home, and 71.6%⁴¹ of homes are single-family detached houses.

Oklahoma45.7% ±1.3

Wisconsin45.7% ±1.3

Missouri45.4% ±1.5

Arkansas45.0% ±2.6

South Dakota44.9% ±3.4

Nebraska44.7% ±2.4

Alaska43.2% ±4.3

Kansas42.7% ±2.0

Wyoming41.8% ±4.6

North Dakota34.7% ±3.5

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B25070. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

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State	Renters spending 30% or more of income on housing	MOE
Oklahoma	45.7%	±1.3
Wisconsin	45.7%	±1.3
Missouri	45.4%	±1.5
Arkansas	45.0%	±2.6
South Dakota	44.9%	±3.4
Nebraska	44.7%	±2.4
Alaska	43.2%	±4.3
Kansas	42.7%	±2.0
Wyoming	41.8%	±4.6
North Dakota	34.7%	±3.5

Catholic, Methodist and Evangelical Kansas

Readers also ask what share of Kansans are Catholic, Christian or Jewish. Federal statistics do not ask about religion; the U.S. Religion Census, which collects counts from congregations, is the closest source. In 2020 the Catholic Church was the largest single body, with 414,939 adherents, 14.1% of residents. The United Methodist Church was second (5.6%), with 630 congregations, nearly twice as many as the Catholic Church's 337⁴² parishes.

Grouped by tradition, Evangelical Protestant churches are the largest (17.3%) and Mainline Protestant churches hold the 9th highest share among the states (9.6%). Christian congregations together counted 45.3% of Kansans; synagogues counted 6,772 members. All bodies together counted 46.0%, higher than Colorado; lower than Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma⁴². The figures describe congregational membership, not belief; see religion across the states.

Few on SNAP or Medicaid, more without insurance

The official poverty rate in Kansas was 10.2% in 2025 (±0.5 percentage points), 1.6 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%), and not statistically different from 10.9% in 2024. Child poverty was 11.8%, 3.0 percentage points below the US figure (14.8%)⁵. The Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure, which counts benefits and taxes and adjusts for local housing costs, puts Kansas at 8.1% on average over 2023 to 2025, 4.9 percentage points below the US figure (13.0%); allowing for the margins of error, it ranks between 37th and 50th⁴³.

Poverty is below the national rate, and participation in the two largest needs-based programs is lower still. In fiscal year 2025, an average of 187,181 Kansans received SNAP food benefits each month, 6.3% of the population, the 4th lowest share in the country and the lowest in the Midwest⁴⁴. In June 2026, 393,912 people were enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP, 13.2% of residents, the 5th lowest⁴⁵ share. Both are administrative counts from the agencies that run the programs. The household survey points the same way: 5.8% of households reported receiving SNAP in the past year, ranked between 47th and 50th⁴⁶.

Minnesota7.8%

Arkansas7.7%

Nebraska7.5%

Montana7.0%

North Dakota6.9%

Idaho6.6%

Kansas6.3%

New Hampshire5.4%

Utah5.0%

Wyoming4.7%

Source: USDA Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), SNAP Monthly State Participation and Benefit Summary, Fiscal Year 2025. Period: FY2025 (October 2024 to September 2025).

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State	SNAP participants (% of residents)
Minnesota	7.8%
Arkansas	7.7%
Nebraska	7.5%
Montana	7.0%
North Dakota	6.9%
Idaho	6.6%
Kansas	6.3%
New Hampshire	5.4%
Utah	5.0%
Wyoming	4.7%

Health coverage shows the other side. 9.7% of Kansans had no health insurance in 2025 (±0.4 percentage points), 1.3 percentage points above the US figure (8.4%) and up from 8.5% in 2024. That was the highest in the Midwest. Among children under 19 the rate was 8.5%, up from 7.0% in 2024⁴⁷. Public coverage of any kind, including Medicare, reached 29.8% of residents, the 4th lowest⁴⁸ share.

A large share of adults at work

The labor force participation rate, the share of people 16 and older who are working or looking for work, averaged 67.8% in 2025, tied for 7th highest in the country and 5.4 percentage points above the US figure (62.4%). Unemployment averaged 3.8%, 0.5 percentage points below the US figure (4.3%), and was 3.8%⁴⁹ in September 2026.

Schooling: high school near the top, degrees at the national level

Among Kansans aged 25 and older, 92.7% have at least a high school diploma, 2.1 percentage points above the US figure (90.6%). In public high schools, 89% of the class of 2021–22 graduated within four years of starting ninth grade, a rate tied for 9th highest⁵¹ among the states. The share of adults with a bachelor's degree or higher, 36.7% (±0.7 percentage points), is not statistically different from the US figure (37.4%)⁵⁰; it is up from 28.2% in 2005¹⁷.

Health and life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth in Kansas was 76.5 years in 2022, the latest year of the CDC's state life tables, 1.0 years below the US figure (77.5 years)⁵². In the CDC's 2024 health survey, 37.6% of adults reported heights and weights in the obese range, a share tied for 7th highest among the states, and 13.7% smoked, 2.1 percentage points above the US figure (11.6%)⁵³. The three leading causes of death in 2024 were:

• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Accidents⁵⁴

German roots and newer arrivals

In the 2020–2024 survey, 23.3% of Kansans named German ancestry, the 7th highest share of any state, followed by English (12.4%) and Irish (11.3%). Smaller groups stand out in the national ranking: the Czech share is the 7th highest, and 1,613 people reported German Russian ancestry, the 2nd highest share of any state (an estimate of medium reliability (CV 15%)⁵⁵).

246,911 Kansans, 8.3% of the population, were born outside the United States in 2025, 6.4 percentage points below the US figure (14.7%) and up from 7.8% in 2024. 56.3% of them were born in Latin America and 27.5% in Asia. Only 41.2% of the foreign-born are naturalized citizens, 12.7 percentage points below the US figure (53.9%)¹⁵. The largest Asian groups are Asian Indian (19,724 people in 2020–2024) and Vietnamese (15,923⁵⁷). At home, 12.9% of residents aged five and older speak a language other than English, most of them Spanish (8.6%⁵⁸).

Veterans and homelessness

Kansas had 143,511 veterans among its civilian adults in 2025, 6.3% of that population, 0.4 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%)⁵⁹. The January 2025 point-in-time count found 2,658 people experiencing homelessness, 8.9 per 10,000 residents, a rate tied for 9th lowest among the states; the count changed by −4.8%⁶⁰ from January 2024.