Millionaire tax returns by state
California had the most tax returns reporting $1 million or more of income in 2023, 132,720, ahead of Florida (72,950), New York (71,680) and Texas (69,410). Measured against all returns filed, the District of Columbia (9.7 per 1,000 tax returns) and Connecticut (9.0 per 1,000 tax returns) rank highest and West Virginia lowest (1.6 per 1,000 tax returns). Nationwide, 799,3201 returns crossed the line.
Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).
Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: Tax year 2023.
| 1 | District of Columbia | 9.7 | Higher | 3,370 | 26.8% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Connecticut | 9.0 | Higher | 16,460 | 24.7% |
| 3 | Massachusetts | 7.6 | Higher | 27,450 | 19.7% |
| 4 | New York | 7.3 | Higher | 71,680 | 24.2% |
| 5 | California | 7.2 | Higher | 132,720 | 19.5% |
| 6 | New Jersey | 6.9 | Higher | 32,050 | 16.3% |
| 7 | Florida | 6.5 | Higher | 72,950 | 26.4% |
| 8 | Washington | 6.2 | Higher | 23,370 | 14.0% |
| 9 | Wyoming | 6.1 | Higher | 1,730 | 29.8% |
| 10 | Nevada | 5.4 | Higher | 8,490 | 24.1% |
| =11 | Colorado | 5.1 | Higher | 15,610 | 15.0% |
| =11 | Texas | 5.1 | Higher | 69,410 | 18.0% |
| =13 | Illinois | 5.0 | Not significant | 30,430 | 16.6% |
| =13 | New Hampshire | 5.0 | Not significant | 3,690 | 15.4% |
| =15 | South Dakota | 4.7 | Lower | 2,080 | 15.5% |
| =15 | Utah | 4.7 | Lower | 7,210 | 15.4% |
| =17 | North Dakota | 4.6 | Lower | 1,720 | 14.8% |
| =17 | Virginia | 4.6 | Lower | 19,040 | 12.5% |
| 19 | Maryland | 4.3 | Lower | 13,290 | 11.9% |
| =20 | Arizona | 4.2 | Lower | 14,180 | 15.1% |
| =20 | Tennessee | 4.2 | Lower | 13,590 | 16.5% |
| 22 | Montana | 4.1 | Lower | 2,250 | 13.7% |
| =23 | Georgia | 4.0 | Lower | 19,740 | 13.2% |
| =23 | Pennsylvania | 4.0 | Lower | 25,310 | 13.5% |
| 25 | Minnesota | 3.9 | Lower | 11,400 | 11.5% |
| 26 | Idaho | 3.7 | Lower | 3,230 | 13.1% |
| 27 | Kansas | 3.6 | Lower | 4,950 | 11.7% |
| 28 | North Carolina | 3.5 | Lower | 17,210 | 10.5% |
| =29 | Nebraska | 3.4 | Lower | 3,280 | 12.3% |
| =29 | South Carolina | 3.4 | Lower | 8,410 | 11.7% |
| =31 | Delaware | 3.3 | Lower | 1,660 | 9.6% |
| =31 | Michigan | 3.3 | Lower | 15,920 | 12.0% |
| =31 | Rhode Island | 3.3 | Lower | 1,900 | 11.3% |
| =31 | Wisconsin | 3.3 | Lower | 9,770 | 11.4% |
| =35 | Missouri | 3.2 | Lower | 9,210 | 13.2% |
| =35 | Vermont | 3.2 | Lower | 1,060 | 9.7% |
| =37 | Alabama | 3.1 | Lower | 6,570 | 11.4% |
| =37 | Alaska | 3.1 | Lower | 1,080 | 8.1% |
| =37 | Oklahoma | 3.1 | Lower | 5,250 | 12.1% |
| =37 | Oregon | 3.1 | Lower | 6,320 | 9.2% |
| 41 | Ohio | 3.0 | Lower | 17,100 | 10.3% |
| =42 | Indiana | 2.9 | Lower | 9,520 | 10.6% |
| =42 | Iowa | 2.9 | Lower | 4,310 | 10.1% |
| =42 | Louisiana | 2.9 | Lower | 5,660 | 11.0% |
| =42 | Maine | 2.9 | Lower | 2,060 | 9.3% |
| 46 | Hawaii | 2.8 | Lower | 1,960 | 8.4% |
| 47 | Arkansas | 2.6 | Lower | 3,420 | 17.2% |
| 48 | Kentucky | 2.4 | Lower | 4,810 | 8.6% |
| =49 | Mississippi | 2.1 | Lower | 2,590 | 8.7% |
| =49 | New Mexico | 2.1 | Lower | 2,070 | 7.9% |
| 51 | West Virginia | 1.6 | Lower | 1,240 | 5.9% |
| United States | 5.0 | 799,320 | 16.6% |
Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2. Period: Tax year 2023. "=" marks a tie at the displayed precision.
The largest counts are in the largest states
California's 132,720 returns with income of $1 million or more are nearly as many as those of Florida (72,950) and New York (71,680) combined. Texas is fourth with 69,410. Then the count drops sharply: New Jersey, fifth, has 32,050, less than half the Texas figure, and Illinois (30,4301) is the only Midwestern state in the top ten.
Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2. Period: Tax year 2023.
Show the numbers
| State | $1M+ income tax returns |
|---|---|
| California | 132,720 |
| Florida | 72,950 |
| New York | 71,680 |
| Texas | 69,410 |
| New Jersey | 32,050 |
| Illinois | 30,430 |
| Massachusetts | 27,450 |
| Pennsylvania | 25,310 |
| Washington | 23,370 |
| Georgia | 19,740 |
| Virginia | 19,040 |
| North Carolina | 17,210 |
These totals mostly follow the number of people. The four leaders are also the four most populous states, and the state in the middle of the count list files 7,210 such returns. At the bottom are small states: Vermont, Alaska, West Virginia and Delaware1, each with fewer than two thousand. A count answers "where are the most", but to compare a large state with a small one the rate is the fairer measure.
Per thousand returns, the Northeast and DC lead
The ranking table sorts states by million-dollar returns per thousand returns filed. The national rate is 5.0 per 1,000 tax returns. The District of Columbia has the highest rate, 9.7 per 1,000 tax returns, and Connecticut has the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher) at 9.0 per 1,000 tax returns, 80% above the US figure (5.0 per 1,000 tax returns). Massachusetts (7.6 per 1,000 tax returns) and New York (7.3 per 1,000 tax returns) follow, with California fifth (7.2 per 1,000 tax returns1).
Count and rate rank several states very differently:
- Connecticut is 14th most by count (16,460) but second by rate.
- The District of Columbia has only 3,370 such returns, the 16th fewest count, and the highest rate.
- Wyoming files 1,730, the 6th fewest, yet ranks 9th highest by rate (6.1 per 1,000 tax returns), higher than every bordering state (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota and Utah).
- Texas is fourth by count but tied for 11th highest by rate, 2% above the US figure (5.0 per 1,000 tax returns). Florida is second by count and 7th highest1 by rate.
The typical state is well below the national rate. Only 12 states, counting DC, are above it, 37 are below, and the median of the 51 is 3.7 per 1,000 tax returns1. The national figure sits above most states partly because California, New York and Florida, which file a large share of all returns, have high rates.
By region:
- Northeast: Connecticut leads; Maine is lowest (2.9 per 1,000 tax returns). Five of the six highest rates are in the Northeast or DC.
- West: California (7.2 per 1,000 tax returns), Washington (6.2 per 1,000 tax returns), Wyoming, Nevada (5.4 per 1,000 tax returns) and Colorado (5.1 per 1,000 tax returns) are above the national rate; New Mexico (2.1 per 1,000 tax returns) is among the lowest in the country.
- Midwest: no state is above the national rate. Illinois matches it (5.0 per 1,000 tax returns); Iowa is at 2.9 per 1,000 tax returns.
- South: the widest spread. Florida (6.5 per 1,000 tax returns) is the highest state after DC, and Texas is just above the national rate, but four of the five lowest rates in the country are Southern: West Virginia, Mississippi, Kentucky (2.4 per 1,000 tax returns) and Arkansas (2.6 per 1,000 tax returns1).
How much of a state's income is reported at the top
A second IRS measure asks a different question: of all the adjusted gross income reported in a state, what share is on returns of $1 million or more? Nationally it was 16.6%, or $2.54 trillion1. This share depends on how large the top incomes are, not only on how many there are.
Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2. Period: Tax year 2023.
Show the numbers
| State | Income on $1M+ returns (% of all AGI) |
|---|---|
| Wyoming | 29.8% |
| District of Columbia | 26.8% |
| Florida | 26.4% |
| Connecticut | 24.7% |
| New York | 24.2% |
| Nevada | 24.1% |
| Massachusetts | 19.7% |
| California | 19.5% |
| Texas | 18.0% |
| Arkansas | 17.2% |
| United States | 16.6% |
Wyoming ranks first at 29.8% from 1,730 returns, higher than every bordering state (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota and Utah). In Florida, 26.4% of all income ($290.8 billion) was on million-dollar returns, the third-highest share. Nevada (24.1%) ranks 6th highest although its rate per thousand returns is only 10th highest1.
Arkansas stands out most. Its rate of million-dollar returns is 5th lowest (2.6 per 1,000 tax returns), but those 3,420 returns hold 17.2% of the state's income, the 10th highest share and 0.6 percentage points above the US figure (16.6%). The reverse holds in Washington, 8th highest by rate but 20th highest by share (14.0%), and in Maryland (11.9%, 22nd lowest): there, income on million-dollar returns is a smaller part of the total than the rate of such returns would suggest. West Virginia is lowest on both measures (5.9%1).
Six-figure households and seven-figure returns are different maps
The Census Bureau's American Community Survey counts households with income of $200,000 or more. In 2025 that was 14.8% (±0.1 percentage points3) of US households. Set beside the IRS measures, it separates states with many high earners from states where income is concentrated in a few very large returns.
| District of Columbia | 9.7 | 26.8% | 26.2% ±1.3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | 9.0 | 24.7% | 20.5% ±0.5 |
| Massachusetts | 7.6 | 19.7% | 23.8% ±0.4 |
| New Jersey | 6.9 | 16.3% | 23.0% ±0.5 |
| Florida | 6.5 | 26.4% | 12.9% ±0.3 |
| Wyoming | 6.1 | 29.8% | 11.2% ±1.3 |
| Nevada | 5.4 | 24.1% | 13.4% ±0.7 |
| Virginia | 4.6 | 12.5% | 19.8% ±0.4 |
| Maryland | 4.3 | 11.9% | 22.4% ±0.4 |
| Arkansas | 2.6 | 17.2% | 8.1% ±0.4 |
| United States | 5.0 | 16.6% | 14.8% ±0.1 |
Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. ± is the 90% margin of error.
- High on both: Massachusetts has 23.8% of households above $200,000, the 2nd highest share, and the third-highest rate of million-dollar returns. New Jersey (23.0%), Connecticut and DC follow the same pattern.
- Many high earners, fewer at the very top: Maryland's share of households above $200,000, 22.4% (±0.4 percentage points), ranks between 3rd and 4th in the country, yet its rate of million-dollar returns is 19th highest, 14% below the US figure (5.0 per 1,000 tax returns). Virginia (19.8% of households, tied for 17th highest1 by rate) is similar.
- Few high earners, a large top: in Florida (12.9%), Nevada (13.4%) and Wyoming (11.2%) the share of households above $200,000 is below the national figure, while the share of income on million-dollar returns is among the six highest. Arkansas has the 3rd lowest share of households above $200,000 (8.1%3) and the tenth-highest income share at the top.
The two sources differ in unit (households and tax returns), year (2025 and 2023) and income definition, so read the columns side by side; do not subtract one from the other.
What these figures count, and what they do not
- Income in one year, not wealth. The IRS tabulates adjusted gross income, which includes wages, business income, dividends and capital gains. A household with large net worth and modest income is not counted, and a single large sale can put a filer over $1 million for one year only. There is no official count of millionaires by net worth for states.
- Returns, not people. A married couple filing jointly is one return. The rate is per thousand returns filed, not per thousand residents.
- State of the return. Each return is counted once, in the state of the address shown on it. The IRS notes in its documentation for Historic Table 2 that this address may differ from where the taxpayer actually lives, and that the tables do not cover people who are not required to file.
- Tax year 2023. It is the latest year in the IRS state tables, tabulated from returns processed during calendar year 2024. A count for a single year can include filers who crossed $1 million only that year.
- DC is a city. Its rate compares a single city with states that include rural areas.
Questions about millionaires by state
Which state has the most millionaires?
California, with 132,720 tax returns reporting adjusted gross income of $1 million or more in tax year 2023, the most in the nation. Florida (72,950) and New York (71,6801) follow. These are counts of returns with a million dollars of income in one year, not of people with a million dollars of net worth; no federal agency counts the latter by state.
Which state has the highest percentage of millionaires?
Connecticut, where 0.90% of returns reported $1 million or more of income, the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher). The District of Columbia, a single city, is at 0.97%. Massachusetts (0.76%) and New York (0.73%1) are next.
Which state has the fewest millionaires?
By count, Vermont (1,060 returns) and Alaska (1,080). Relative to all returns, West Virginia is lowest at 1.6 per 1,000 tax returns, followed by New Mexico and Mississippi (both 2.1 per 1,000 tax returns1).
How many millionaires are there in the United States?
The IRS received 799,320 individual returns with adjusted gross income of $1 million or more for tax year 2023, out of 159.9 million returns, or 0.50%. Together they reported $2.54 trillion1 of income. Counts of millionaires by net worth are private estimates and measure something else.
Related rankings
Sources
- IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2; Tax Year 2023 (individual income tax returns); released August 21, 2026. www.irs.gov
- Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
- Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.