Connecticut population: growth, heritage and income

3.7 million people, and faster growth since 2020

Connecticut had 3,688,496 residents on July 1, 2025, up 14,047 in a year. The growth rate of 0.38% was 0.1 percentage points below the US figure (0.52%), yet it was higher than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island). The state holds 1.08% of the US population and ranks 29th of 51¹ by size.

The pace is new. Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses the population rose from 3,574,097 to 3,605,944, a gain of 0.9% over ten years, the 4th lowest growth of any state and lower than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island)⁶. In a little over five years since the April 2020 census base, it has grown by 80,746, or 2.24%¹, more than twice the gain of the whole previous decade.

ConnecticutMassachusettsNew YorkRhode IslandUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2000-2010; Census Bureau, Intercensal Estimates of the Resident Population for States, 2010-2020; Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. July 1 estimates: intercensal series for 2000–2019, Vintage 2025 for 2020–2025.

Show the numbers

Year	Connecticut	Massachusetts	New York	Rhode Island	United States
2000	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
2001	100.6	100.6	100.4	100.7	101.0
2002	101.4	100.9	100.7	101.5	101.9
2003	102.1	101.0	100.9	102.0	102.8
2004	102.5	100.8	100.9	102.3	103.8
2005	102.8	100.7	100.7	101.7	104.7
2006	103.1	100.8	100.5	101.2	105.7
2007	103.4	101.1	100.7	100.7	106.8
2008	103.9	101.7	101.1	100.5	107.8
2009	104.4	102.5	101.6	100.3	108.7
2010	104.9	103.3	102.2	100.4	109.6
2011	105.3	104.2	103.2	100.8	110.5
2012	105.7	105.2	104.0	101.3	111.4
2013	105.8	106.2	104.7	101.7	112.2
2014	105.9	107.2	105.3	102.2	113.1
2015	105.9	107.9	105.7	102.6	114.1
2016	105.7	108.6	106.0	103.1	115.0
2017	105.7	109.4	106.2	103.3	115.8
2018	105.8	110.0	106.4	104.0	116.4
2019	105.7	110.3	106.4	104.2	117.0
2020	104.9	109.8	105.9	104.4	117.5
2021	105.7	110.0	104.4	104.5	117.7
2022	106.1	110.4	103.7	104.6	118.4
2023	106.7	111.2	104.1	104.8	119.3
2024	107.7	112.2	105.3	105.7	120.5
2025	108.1	112.5	105.3	106.1	121.1

Arrivals from abroad carry the growth

Population changes through births minus deaths, moves to and from other states, and moves to and from other countries. In Connecticut the first is close to zero and the second is negative, so the third does the work.

Births+182,361

Deaths−179,751

Net domestic migration−27,919

Net international migration+110,143

Residual (estimation adjustment)−4,088

Total change+80,746

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Each bar starts where the previous one ended. The residual is the part of the change the Census Bureau cannot assign to a component.

Show the numbers

Component	People
Births	182,361
Deaths	−179,751
Net domestic migration	−27,919
Net international migration	110,143
Residual (estimation adjustment)	−4,088
Total change	80,746

Births outnumbered deaths by only 2,610 between April 2020 and June 2025, and in the year to June 2021 deaths were the larger number (−674). Over the same period net migration to and from the rest of the country came to −27,919 and gained 110,143¹ from abroad.

The year to June 2025 followed the same pattern on a smaller scale. Net international migration was 17,534, half the 35,456 of the year before, and net domestic migration was −5,945; Connecticut was one of 19 states, plus the District of Columbia, that lost more residents to other states than they gained in the year to June 2025. Measured against population, the international inflow of 4.8 per 1,000 residents was 29% above the US figure (3.7 per 1,000 residents) and tied for 8th highest in the country. Without it the population would have fallen: international arrivals equaled 125%¹ of the year's total change.

New York in, Florida out

The Census Bureau's 2024 survey of movers counted 82,002 people moving to Connecticut from other states and 87,704 moving away. The difference, −5,702, is smaller than its margin of error (±10,330¹¹). New York was both the largest source of newcomers and the largest destination of those who left, and on the survey's point estimates Connecticut gained more people from New York than it lost to it. The largest net losses went to Florida, Texas and Pennsylvania.

Moved to Connecticut from

New York25,095 ±4,459

Massachusetts11,612 ±2,586

Florida6,040 ±2,007

New Jersey5,628 ±1,617

California4,237 ±2,318

New Hampshire3,295 ±1,250

Georgia2,684 ±948

North Carolina2,597 ±1,468

Left Connecticut for

New York15,160 ±3,301

Massachusetts9,936 ±1,952

Florida9,767 ±2,747

California4,853 ±1,483

Pennsylvania4,704 ±1,560

North Carolina4,643 ±2,352

Texas4,022 ±1,402

Georgia3,760 ±1,767

Source: Census Bureau, State-to-State Migration Flows, 2024. People aged 1 and over who lived in another state a year earlier (and the reverse). Survey estimates: whiskers show the 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers

State	Moved in from	Moved out to
New York	25,095 ±4,459	15,160 ±3,301
Massachusetts	11,612 ±2,586	9,936 ±1,952
Florida	6,040 ±2,007	9,767 ±2,747
New Jersey	5,628 ±1,617	–
California	4,237 ±2,318	4,853 ±1,483
New Hampshire	3,295 ±1,250	–
Georgia	2,684 ±948	3,760 ±1,767
North Carolina	2,597 ±1,468	4,643 ±2,352
Pennsylvania	2,175 ±835	4,704 ±1,560
Texas	–	4,022 ±1,402

Tax returns tell a similar story for 2022 and 2023: the net change in filers and dependents was −4,767, and the households that left reported $5.8 billion of income against $5.3 billion¹² for those who arrived.

Residents born elsewhere in the country mostly come from nearby. Just over half of residents, 52.2%, were born in Connecticut, and 19.6% were born elsewhere in the Northeast, 13.3 percentage points above the US figure (6.3%)¹³.

What percent of Connecticut is white, Black, Hispanic or Asian

The answer depends on how Hispanic origin is counted. In the 2025 American Community Survey, 59.2% of residents were non-Hispanic white (±0.2 percentage points), 4.2 percentage points above the US figure (55.0%) and down from 60.4% in 2024². In the Census Bureau's population estimates, white residents of any ethnicity (white alone, including Hispanic white residents) made up 75.2%¹⁴ on July 1, 2025.

Single group (adds to 100%)Alone or in combination with other races

White, not Hispanic59.2% 73.9%

Hispanic or Latino (any race)19.9%

Black, not Hispanic10.0% 14.3%

Asian, not Hispanic5.1% 6.3%

Two or more races, not Hispanic4.9%

Some other race, not Hispanic0.7%

American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic0.2% 2.2%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic0.0% 0.2%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B03002; Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B02009. The dark bars are mutually exclusive and add to 100%. The light bars count everyone who reported the race, alone or with another race and of any ethnicity, so they overlap and add to more than 100%.

Show the numbers

Group	Share (single group)	MOE	Alone or in combination
White, not Hispanic	59.2%	±0.2	73.9%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	19.9%		–
Black, not Hispanic	10.0%	±0.2	14.3%
Asian, not Hispanic	5.1%	±0.1	6.3%
Two or more races, not Hispanic	4.9%	±0.3	–
Some other race, not Hispanic	0.7%	±0.1	–
American Indian and Alaska Native, not Hispanic	0.2%		2.2%
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, not Hispanic	0.0%		0.2%

Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 19.9% of the population, up from 19.2% in 2024 and 0.6 percentage points below the US figure (20.5%)². That share has climbed steadily: it was 12.3% in 2009 and 16.9%¹⁶ in 2019.

Non-Hispanic Black residents were 10.0%, 1.7 percentage points below the US figure (11.7%). Many Black residents of Connecticut are also Hispanic or of more than one race; counting everyone who reported Black alone or in combination, the share rises to 14.3%, not statistically different from the US figure (14.5%)¹⁵. Non-Hispanic Asian residents were 5.1%, up from 4.7% in 2024². The largest Asian group is Asian Indian, at 60,590 people in 2025, followed by Chinese at 42,150¹⁷.

The largest Puerto Rican share of any state

The Hispanic population of Connecticut is different from the national one. Mexican origin, the largest Hispanic group in the country, accounts for only 1.8% of Connecticut residents, 9.5 percentage points below the US figure (11.3%). Puerto Rican origin accounts for 8.1% (±0.1 percentage points) over 2020–2024, 6.3 percentage points above the US figure (1.8%)¹⁸ and the highest share of any state.

Connecticut8.1% ±0.1

Florida5.6% ±0.1

New Jersey5.1% ±0.1

New York5.1% ±0.1

Massachusetts4.6% ±0.1

Rhode Island3.9% ±0.2

Pennsylvania3.7% ±0.1

Hawaii3.3% ±0.1

Delaware3.1% ±0.2

United States1.8%

Illinois1.6% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B03001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2020-2024.

Show the numbers

State	Puerto Rican	MOE
Connecticut	8.1%	±0.1
Florida	5.6%	±0.1
New Jersey	5.1%	±0.1
New York	5.1%	±0.1
Massachusetts	4.6%	±0.1
Rhode Island	3.9%	±0.2
Pennsylvania	3.7%	±0.1
Hawaii	3.3%	±0.1
Delaware	3.1%	±0.2
United States	1.8%
Illinois	1.6%	±0.1

Other Caribbean and South American origins are also above the national level: Dominican at 1.6% (0.9 percentage points above the US figure (0.7%)) and South American at 3.5% (2.0 percentage points above the US figure (1.5%)¹⁸). Spanish is spoken at home by 13.1% of residents aged five and older, the 11th highest¹⁹ share among the states.

Italian, Irish, Polish and Jamaican roots

Asked about their ancestry, 528,238 residents named Italian in 2025, 14.3% of the population (±0.50 percentage points), more than any other single ancestry. Irish came next at 13.2% and Polish at 5.6%²⁰. Ranked by share on the 2020–2024 survey, Connecticut has the highest Italian share in the country and the 3rd highest²¹ Polish share.

Connecticut also has the highest share of residents of Jamaican ancestry (1.6%, 60,863²⁰ people) and the highest²¹ Lithuanian share. These ancestries leave a trace in languages: Connecticut has the 2nd highest share of people who speak Polish at home and the 2nd highest²² share who speak Italian.

Overall, 15.7% of residents were born abroad, 11th highest among the states. Compared with immigrants nationally, they are more often from Europe (18.6% of the foreign-born, 9.1 percentage points above the US figure (9.5%)) and more often US citizens (57.2% naturalized, 3.3 percentage points above the US figure (53.9%)¹³).

Small and dense

Connecticut has 4,842 square miles of land, the 4th smallest²³ area of any state. With 761.7 people per square mile, it is the 5th most densely populated state, denser than New York; less dense than Massachusetts and Rhode Island²⁴. At the 2020 Census 86.2% of residents lived in urban areas, 6.2 percentage points above the US figure (80.0%) but lower than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island)²⁵.

Housing is used intensively. Only 6.5% of housing units were vacant in 2025, counting seasonal homes, 3.1 percentage points below the US figure (9.6%). That is the lowest share in the country on the point estimate; allowing for margins of error it ranks between 47th and 51st²⁶ (51st being the lowest). The stock is old: half of all homes were built before 1968²⁷, 19.2% before 1940 (7.9 percentage points above the US figure (11.3%)) and only 6.8% in 2010 or later (8.1 percentage points below the US figure (14.9%)²⁸).

Older residents, later births

The median age was 41.6 years in 2025 (±0.3 years), 2.1 years above the US figure (39.5 years), and Connecticut ranks between 8th and 14th³ among the oldest states.

MenWomenUnited States

MenWomen

85+

80–84

75–79

70–74

65–69

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

15–19

10–14

5–9

0–4

Source: Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025. Share of the total population in each age group. Vertical ticks: the United States.

Show the numbers

Age	Men (%)	Women (%)	US men (%)	US women (%)
0-4	2.55	2.41	2.76	2.65
5-9	2.69	2.58	2.96	2.83
10-14	2.85	2.74	3.08	2.95
15-19	3.27	3.23	3.31	3.16
20-24	3.35	3.24	3.43	3.28
25-29	3.15	2.98	3.46	3.37
30-34	3.18	3.20	3.41	3.38
35-39	3.33	3.45	3.38	3.40
40-44	3.11	3.29	3.21	3.27
45-49	2.85	3.02	2.93	3.03
50-54	2.80	3.03	2.83	2.96
55-59	3.11	3.39	2.86	3.02
60-64	3.26	3.57	2.96	3.21
65-69	2.96	3.33	2.75	3.08
70-74	2.36	2.73	2.26	2.64
75-79	1.76	2.20	1.71	2.08
80-84	1.09	1.49	1.00	1.32
85+	0.90	1.57	0.78	1.28

The shift since 2020 shows in the counts. Residents aged 65 and older numbered 751,845 in 2025, up from 644,842 in 2020, while children under 18 numbered 718,295, down from 735,623 in 2020. People aged 85 and older are 2.5% of the population, tied for 4th highest¹⁴ in the country.

Births come later in life than nationally. The birth rate was 9.4 per 1,000 residents in 2024, the 6th lowest in the country. Women aged 25 to 29 had 67.9 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29, 24% below the US figure (89.5 per 1,000 women aged 25 to 29), while women aged 30 to 34 had 108.5 per 1,000 women aged 30 to 34, 16% above the US figure (93.7 per 1,000 women aged 30 to 34). The teen birth rate of 6.5 per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19 was the 4th lowest²⁹ of any state.

Income at the very top

Personal income per resident, which counts wages, investment income and government benefits, was $102,307 in 2025 according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis: the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher), $25,279 (33%) above the US figure ($77,028) and higher than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island)³⁰. Adjusted for state price levels, the 2024 figure of $74,254 was still 3rd highest³¹.

Tax returns show how much of that income sits at the top. In tax year 2023, 16,460 Connecticut returns reported adjusted gross income of $1 million or more, 9.0 per 1,000 tax returns: the highest of any state (the District of Columbia is higher) and 80% above the US figure (5.0 per 1,000 tax returns). Those returns accounted for 24.7% of all income reported in the state, the 4th highest³² share. These count returns, not people or wealth; there is no official count of millionaires.

District of Columbia9.7

Connecticut9.0

Massachusetts7.6

New York7.3

California7.2

New Jersey6.9

Florida6.5

Washington6.2

Wyoming6.1

Nevada5.4

United States5.0

Source: IRS Statistics of Income (SOI), SOI Tax Stats - Historic Table 2. Period: Tax year 2023.

Show the numbers

State	$1M+ returns per 1,000 returns
District of Columbia	9.7
Connecticut	9.0
Massachusetts	7.6
New York	7.3
California	7.2
New Jersey	6.9
Florida	6.5
Washington	6.2
Wyoming	6.1
Nevada	5.4
United States	5.0

The Gini index, a measure of household income inequality that rises as incomes grow more unequal, was 0.495 (±0.007), 3rd most unequal in the country (between 3rd and 5th allowing for margins of error) and more unequal than Massachusetts and Rhode Island; less unequal than New York. Only New York and the District of Columbia³³ scored higher on the point estimates.

A median household income back where it was in 2005

Half of Connecticut households had income above $100,056 in 2025 and half below (±$1,570), $15,276 (18%) above the US figure ($84,780) and higher than New York and Rhode Island; lower than Massachusetts. Allowing for margins of error the state ranks between 9th and 12th⁴.

ConnecticutMassachusettsUnited States

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Adjusted to 2025 dollars with the CPI-U annual average. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers

Year	Connecticut	Massachusetts	United States
2005	$100,458 ±$1,339	$94,265 ±$1,144	$76,228 ±$171
2006	$101,281 ±$1,316	$95,757 ±$995	$77,373 ±$131
2007	$102,428 ±$1,265	$96,835 ±$792	$78,785 ±$116
2008	$102,570 ±$1,691	$97,794 ±$893	$77,799 ±$109
2009	$100,594 ±$1,490	$96,163 ±$1,020	$75,364 ±$111
2010	$94,538 ±$1,612	$91,645 ±$602	$73,889 ±$94
2011	$94,109 ±$1,222	$89,967 ±$1,291	$72,281 ±$104
2012	$94,336 ±$1,213	$91,620 ±$904	$72,034 ±$74
2013	$92,728 ±$1,462	$92,272 ±$988	$72,209 ±$90
2014	$95,260 ±$1,126	$94,052 ±$1,301	$72,969 ±$126
2015	$96,910 ±$1,064	$95,935 ±$842	$75,760 ±$115
2016	$98,502 ±$1,421	$101,003 ±$1,034	$77,287 ±$154
2017	$97,413 ±$1,767	$101,638 ±$1,191	$79,246 ±$113
2018	$97,885 ±$1,181	$102,356 ±$1,244	$79,409 ±$121
2019	$99,273 ±$1,710	$108,100 ±$1,248	$82,750 ±$149
2021	$99,529 ±$1,321	$106,508 ±$1,529	$82,832 ±$159
2022	$97,279 ±$1,857	$103,944 ±$1,386	$82,236 ±$163
2023	$96,852 ±$1,556	$105,508 ±$1,432	$82,117 ±$197
2024	$98,576 ±$1,872	$107,586 ±$1,693	$83,751 ±$131
2025	$100,056 ±$1,570	$106,539 ±$1,459	$84,780 ±$215

After adjusting for inflation, the 2025 median is not statistically different from $100,458 in 2005. It fell to $92,728 in 2013 and has since recovered, with no statistically significant change in the last year (not statistically different from $98,576 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)⁴). Income per person in the survey did rise over the same period: it is up from $56,304 in 2005¹⁶, in 2025 dollars.

ConnecticutUnited States

Under $25,00011.6% 14.0%

$25,000–$49,99913.2% 15.4%

$50,000–$99,99925.1% 27.8%

$100,000–$199,99929.5% 28.0%

$200,000 or more20.5% 14.8%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B19001. Share of households in each band of income in the past 12 months, in 2025 dollars.

Show the numbers

Household income	Connecticut	MOE	United States
Under $25,000	11.6%	±0.6	14.0%
$25,000–$49,999	13.2%	±0.7	15.4%
$50,000–$99,999	25.1%	±0.8	27.8%
$100,000–$199,999	29.5%	±0.8	28.0%
$200,000 or more	20.5%	±0.5	14.8%

One household in five (20.5%) had income of $200,000 or more, 5.7 percentage points above the US figure (14.8%). The middle is thinner than nationally: 25.1% of households had incomes between $50,000 and $100,000, 2.7 percentage points below the US figure (27.8%)³⁴.

Poverty, prices and rent

The official poverty rate was 9.1% in 2025 (±0.6 percentage points), 2.7 percentage points below the US figure (11.8%) and down from 10.2% in 2024, a statistically significant decline. Child poverty fell too, to 11.3% (down from 13.4% in 2024⁵). The Supplemental Poverty Measure, which counts taxes, benefits and local housing costs, put Connecticut at 10.4% on average over 2023 to 2025, 2.6 percentage points below the US figure (13.0%)³⁵.

Prices are above the national level but by less than incomes. The Bureau of Economic Analysis put Connecticut's overall price level at 103.6 for 2024 (US = 100), 10th most expensive. Housing was 117.0 and utilities 146.5, the 5th most expensive³¹ of any state.

Renters feel the gap most. The median gross rent was $1,679, up from $1,591 in 2024 (in 2025 dollars)³⁶, and 55.6% of renter households spent three-tenths or more of their income on rent and utilities, 3.8 percentage points above the US figure (51.8%): 2nd highest on the point estimate, between 2nd and 10th³⁷ allowing for margins of error. The median home value, $423,900, is $52,800 (14%) above the US figure ($371,100)³⁸, but after inflation it is down from $447,555 in 2005¹⁶.

Catholic parishes and synagogues

Connecticut's religious bodies, as counted by the 2020 U.S. Religion Census, are led by the Catholic Church: 1,024,927 adherents, 28.4% of residents and 60.0% of all adherents in the state. Connecticut ranks 6th highest for its Catholic share, which is down from 35.1% in 2010³⁹; part of that drop may reflect differences in how the two studies counted.

Synagogues counted 38,288 members, 1.06% of residents, the 5th highest share, and the mosque study estimated 43,905 people taking part in mosques. Neither figure is a count of the full Jewish or Muslim population. The overall adherence rate, 47.4%, is lower than every bordering state (Massachusetts, New York and Rhode Island)³⁹. Religion across the states describes the source and its limits.

Degrees and jobs

Among adults aged 25 and older, 43.6% held a bachelor's degree or higher in 2025 (±0.8 percentage points), 6.2 percentage points above the US figure (37.4%) and between 7th and 8th among the states allowing for margins of error. The share was 34.9%¹⁶ in 2005. A graduate or professional degree is held by 19.8%, the 6th highest share, while associate degrees are less common than almost anywhere (7.2%, tied for 4th lowest⁴⁰).

Unemployment has risen since 2025. It averaged 4.0% that year, 0.3 percentage points below the US figure (4.3%), but the seasonally adjusted rate for September 2026 was 5.1%, 0.9 percentage points above the US figure (4.2%) and tied for 2nd highest among the states (Bureau of Labor Statistics, preliminary). A larger share of adults is in the labor force than nationally: 64.2%⁴¹ in 2025.

Health, insurance and veterans

Life expectancy at birth was 79.4 years in 2022, 1.9 years above the US figure (77.5 years) and the 5th longest of any state. For women it was 82.1 years, tied for 3rd longest⁴². One measure runs the other way: the age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths was 26.2 per 100,000, age-adjusted in 2024, 13% above the US figure (23.1 per 100,000, age-adjusted)⁴³.

Only 5.2% of residents lacked health insurance in 2025, 3.2 percentage points below the US figure (8.4%), and 1.4%⁴⁴ of children.

Connecticut had 134,586 veterans in 2025, 4.5% of civilian adults, 1.4 percentage points below the US figure (5.9%)⁴⁷. More of them served in the Vietnam era (35.0%) than nationally, and fewer after September 2001 (25.5%, 5.9 percentage points below the US figure (31.4%)⁴⁸).