Languages spoken at home by state

Q: Which state has the most Spanish speakers?

California, with 10,627,004 (±65,474) people who speak Spanish at home in 2025, ahead of Texas (8,209,568) and Florida (5,227,275). As a share of residents, California (28.5%) and Texas (27.6%) lead.

California has the highest share of residents aged 5 and older who speak a language other than English at home, 44.9% in 2025, followed by Texas (35.4%) and New Jersey (34.0%). West Virginia has the lowest (2.8%). Nationally the share is 22.9%¹, and on the 2020–2024 survey Spanish is the most common language after English in every state except Hawaii and Maine.

Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).

Share of residents 5 and older who speak a language other than English at home, 2025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: 2025. Hatched: no data for Wyoming.

Full table ↓

Residents 5 and older who speak a language other than English at home, 2025

1	California	44.9%	±0.3	1st	Higher	−0.4%	28.5%	16.8%
2	Texas	35.4%	±0.3	2nd	Higher	Not significant	27.6%	12.2%
3	New Jersey	34.0%	±0.5	3rd	Higher	Not significant	17.7%	13.3%
4	New York	32.1%	±0.3	4th	Higher	+0.5%	15.1%	13.7%
5	Florida	31.4%	±0.3	5th–6th	Higher	−0.6%	23.4%	12.6%
6	New Mexico	30.6%	±1.0	5th–7th	Higher	Not significant	24.0%	8.9%
7	Nevada	30.2%	±0.8	6th–7th	Higher	Not significant	20.2%	11.2%
8	Massachusetts	26.3%	±0.5	8th–9th	Higher	Not significant	10.3%	9.7%
9	Arizona	25.3%	±0.5	9th–11th	Higher	Not significant	18.9%	8.2%
10	Hawaii	25.1%	±1.1	8th–11th	Higher	Not significant	2.1%	10.3%
11	Illinois	25.0%	±0.3	9th–11th	Higher	+0.5%	14.5%	9.1%
12	Connecticut	23.5%	±0.6	12th–13th	Not significant	Not significant	13.1%	8.2%
13	Rhode Island	22.9%	±1.0	12th–15th	Not significant	Not significant	14.4%	8.5%
14	Washington	22.5%	±0.5	13th–15th	Not significant	Not significant	9.3%	8.1%
15	Maryland	22.2%	±0.5	13th–15th	Lower	Not significant	10.3%	8.2%
16	District of Columbia	20.0%	±1.4	16th	Lower	Not significant	10.4%	4.9%
17	Virginia	18.5%	±0.4	17th	Lower	Not significant	8.2%	5.9%
18	Utah	17.0%	±0.6	18th–19th	Lower	Not significant	12.0%	5.8%
19	Colorado	16.9%	±0.5	18th–19th	Lower	Not significant	11.4%	5.5%
20	Georgia	16.1%	±0.3	20th–23rd	Lower	Not significant	8.9%	5.6%
21	Oregon	15.8%	±0.5	20th–23rd	Lower	Not significant	9.5%	5.4%
22	Delaware	15.6%	±1.1	20th–24th	Lower	Not significant	8.1%	5.3%
23	Alaska	15.4%	±1.2	20th–24th	Lower	Not significant	3.1%	4.7%
24	North Carolina	14.7%	±0.3	22nd–24th	Lower	Not significant	9.5%	5.4%
25	Nebraska	13.8%	±0.6	25th–26th	Lower	Not significant	9.4%	5.7%
26	Pennsylvania	13.3%	±0.3	25th–28th	Lower	Not significant	5.9%	4.9%
27	Kansas	12.9%	±0.5	26th–28th	Lower	Not significant	8.6%	5.0%
28	Minnesota	12.8%	±0.4	26th–28th	Lower	Not significant	4.5%	4.5%
29	Oklahoma	11.6%	±0.4	29th–31st	Lower	Not significant	8.1%	3.9%
30	Indiana	11.1%	±0.3	29th–32nd	Lower	Not significant	6.0%	4.1%
=31	Idaho	10.9%	±0.6	29th–33rd	Lower	Not significant	7.9%	3.0%
=31	Michigan	10.9%	±0.3	30th–32nd	Lower	Not significant	3.3%	3.7%
33	Iowa	10.2%	±0.5	32nd–33rd	Lower	Not significant	5.1%	4.2%
34	Tennessee	9.6%	±0.3	34th–36th	Lower	Not significant	5.8%	4.0%
35	Wisconsin	9.5%	±0.3	34th–36th	Lower	Not significant	5.2%	3.2%
36	South Carolina	9.4%	±0.3	34th–36th	Lower	Not significant	5.9%	3.4%
37	Ohio	8.9%	±0.3	37th–41st	Lower	Not significant	2.9%	3.0%
38	Arkansas	8.8%	±0.4	37th–41st	Lower	Not significant	6.1%	3.3%
=39	Louisiana	8.4%	±0.4	37th–41st	Lower	−0.6%	4.9%	3.4%
=39	New Hampshire	8.4%	±0.6	37th–41st	Lower	Not significant	2.6%	2.5%
41	North Dakota	7.9%	±1.0	37th–44th	Lower	Not significant	2.6%	2.5%
42	Kentucky	7.6%	±0.4	41st–43rd	Lower	Not significant	3.8%	3.2%
43	Missouri	6.9%	±0.3	42nd–45th	Lower	−0.5%	3.0%	2.2%
=44	Alabama	6.8%	±0.3	43rd–46th	Lower	Not significant	4.2%	2.4%
=44	South Dakota	6.8%	±0.7	41st–46th	Lower	Not significant	2.8%	2.4%
46	Maine	6.3%	±0.5	44th–47th	Lower	Not significant	1.2%	1.8%
47	Vermont	5.5%	±0.7	46th–47th	Lower	Not significant	1.3%	1.3%
48	Mississippi	4.7%	±0.3	48th	Lower	Not significant	2.6%	1.8%
49	Montana	4.0%	±0.4	49th	Lower	Not significant	1.4%	0.9%
50	West Virginia	2.8%	±0.3	50th	Lower	Not significant	1.4%	0.7%
	United States	22.9%	±0.1				13.9%	8.5%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001. Period: 2025. "=" marks a tie at the displayed precision. Rank range: the ranks consistent with the 90% margins of error (Census Bureau method). "Compared with US" and changes use the Census Bureau significance test at 90% confidence; "Not significant" means the difference is within the margins of error.

The main column is the share of people aged 5 and older who speak any language other than English at home, from the 2025 American Community Survey. The two other columns show the share who speak Spanish at home and the share who speak English less than "very well". Wyoming has no row for 2025: the Census Bureau did not publish this table for the state. On the 2020–2024 survey, 93.2% (±0.30 percentage points²) of Wyoming residents spoke only English at home.

The most common language after English, state by state

Spanish comes first in DC and in every state but two. In Hawaii the most common home language after English is Tagalog (incl. Filipino), spoken by 4.4% of residents, followed by Japanese; Spanish is fourth. In Maine it is French (incl. Cajun)², ahead of Spanish. Below first place the pattern breaks up. Chinese is the next language in more states than any other, from California and New York to Utah and Georgia. Vietnamese follows Spanish in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas and Mississippi, and German in a band from Indiana, Kentucky and Iowa to the Dakotas, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, and in South Carolina.

The table uses the 2020–2024 survey, the period the Census Bureau publishes for every language in every state. Shares are of residents aged 5 and older.

State	Most spoken after English	Share	Next language	Share
Alabama	Spanish	3.9%	Korean	0.24%
Alaska	Spanish	3.3%	Tagalog (incl. Filipino)	2.5%
Arizona	Spanish	19.2%	Navajo	1.1%
Arkansas	Spanish	6.1%	Vietnamese	0.17%
California	Spanish	28.3%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	3.5%
Colorado	Spanish	11.1%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.45%
Connecticut	Spanish	12.8%	Portuguese	1.3%
Delaware	Spanish	7.9%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.82%
District of Columbia	Spanish	9.4%	French (incl. Cajun)	1.6%
Florida	Spanish	22.6%	Haitian	2.2%
Georgia	Spanish	8.6%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.60%
Hawaii	Tagalog (incl. Filipino)	4.4%	Japanese	2.7%
Idaho	Spanish	8.1%	German	0.26%
Illinois	Spanish	14.0%	Polish	1.4%
Indiana	Spanish	5.5%	German	0.51%
Iowa	Spanish	4.7%	German	0.33%
Kansas	Spanish	8.1%	Vietnamese	0.45%
Kentucky	Spanish	3.4%	German	0.29%
Louisiana	Spanish	4.7%	French (incl. Cajun)	1.4%
Maine	French (incl. Cajun)	2.3%	Spanish	0.99%
Maryland	Spanish	9.6%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	1.2%
Massachusetts	Spanish	9.7%	Portuguese	3.4%
Michigan	Spanish	3.1%	Arabic	1.8%
Minnesota	Spanish	4.2%	Hmong	1.3%
Mississippi	Spanish	2.7%	Vietnamese	0.19%
Missouri	Spanish	2.9%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.36%
Montana	Spanish	1.4%	German	0.63%
Nebraska	Spanish	8.4%	Vietnamese	0.41%
Nevada	Spanish	19.9%	Tagalog (incl. Filipino)	3.0%
New Hampshire	Spanish	2.6%	French (incl. Cajun)	1.1%
New Jersey	Spanish	17.2%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	1.5%
New Mexico	Spanish	24.5%	Navajo	2.9%
New York	Spanish	14.8%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	3.2%
North Carolina	Spanish	8.7%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.40%
North Dakota	Spanish	2.3%	German	0.60%
Ohio	Spanish	2.6%	Arabic	0.43%
Oklahoma	Spanish	8.1%	Vietnamese	0.42%
Oregon	Spanish	9.0%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.75%
Pennsylvania	Spanish	5.6%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.78%
Rhode Island	Spanish	13.5%	Portuguese	2.9%
South Carolina	Spanish	5.2%	German	0.26%
South Dakota	Spanish	2.6%	German	0.74%
Tennessee	Spanish	5.2%	Arabic	0.50%
Texas	Spanish	28.1%	Vietnamese	0.88%
Utah	Spanish	10.9%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	0.53%
Vermont	Spanish	1.3%	French (incl. Cajun)	1.2%
Virginia	Spanish	7.9%	Arabic	0.77%
Washington	Spanish	9.0%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	1.9%
West Virginia	Spanish	1.2%	Arabic	0.14%
Wisconsin	Spanish	4.9%	Hmong	0.71%
Wyoming	Spanish	4.8%	German	0.32%
United States	Spanish	13.6%	Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)	1.1%²

The survey also reports a few combined categories, which the table leaves out because they group several languages. In Hawaii and Alaska, such a group is larger than any single language. In Hawaii, Ilocano, Samoan, Hawaiian and other Austronesian languages together are spoken by 8.6% of residents. In Alaska, Native languages of North America other than Navajo cover 3.6%, more than Spanish (3.3%²).

Spanish speakers by state

44.9 million people in the United States spoke Spanish at home in 2025, 13.9%¹ of residents aged 5 and older. California had the most, 10,627,004 (±65,474), followed by Texas (8,209,568), Florida (5,227,275), New York (2,867,192) and Illinois² (1,754,221³).

Share of residents 5 and older who speak Spanish at home, 2025

California28.5% ±0.2

Texas27.6% ±0.2

New Mexico24.0% ±0.9

Florida23.4% ±0.2

Nevada20.2% ±0.5

Arizona18.9% ±0.4

New Jersey17.7% ±0.3

New York15.1% ±0.2

Illinois14.5% ±0.2

Rhode Island14.4% ±0.6

United States13.9% ±0.1

Connecticut13.1% ±0.4

Utah12.0% ±0.4

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Speak Spanish at home	MOE
California	28.5%	±0.2
Texas	27.6%	±0.2
New Mexico	24.0%	±0.9
Florida	23.4%	±0.2
Nevada	20.2%	±0.5
Arizona	18.9%	±0.4
New Jersey	17.7%	±0.3
New York	15.1%	±0.2
Illinois	14.5%	±0.2
Rhode Island	14.4%	±0.6
United States	13.9%	±0.1
Connecticut	13.1%	±0.4
Utah	12.0%	±0.4

As a share, California (28.5%) and Texas (27.6%) lead, then New Mexico (24.0%, ±0.9 percentage points) and Florida (23.4%), which rank between 3rd and 4th because their margins overlap. Only 9 states are significantly above the national share; 40, counting DC, are below it. The smallest shares are in Maine (1.2%), Vermont (1.3%), West Virginia and Montana (1.4%¹ each).

Speaking Spanish at home and being Hispanic or Latino are measured by different survey questions, and the two rankings do not match state for state. The Hispanic population ranking covers origin.

French in Maine and Louisiana

Two states stand out for French. In Maine, 1.9% (±0.22 percentage points) of residents aged 5 and older spoke French at home in 2025, about 25,000 people. In Louisiana the share was 1.1% (±0.09 percentage points), about 46,000³ people, where the Census Bureau counts Cajun with French. On the 2020–2024 survey, which ranks every state, the order by share is Maine (2.3%), the District of Columbia (1.6%) and Louisiana (1.4%²).

Speak French, Haitian or Cajun at home, 2025

Florida2.3% ±0.1

Maine1.9% ±0.2

New York1.5% ±0.1

Louisiana1.1% ±0.1

Vermont1.0% ±0.2

New Hampshire0.9% ±0.1

United States0.7%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Speak French, Haitian or Cajun at home	MOE
Florida	2.3%	±0.1
Maine	1.9%	±0.2
New York	1.5%	±0.1
Louisiana	1.1%	±0.1
Vermont	1.0%	±0.2
New Hampshire	0.9%	±0.1
United States	0.7%

The chart uses a broader category that also includes Haitian Creole, so Florida and New York, the two states with the most Haitian Creole speakers, appear high on it. On that measure Louisiana's share was 1.1% in 2025, down from 1.5% in 2024; Maine's was 1.9%, not statistically different from 2.1% in 2024¹.

Speakers differ in how well they also speak English. 14.6% of Louisiana's French speakers and 20.8%³ of Maine's said they speak English less than "very well".

Languages concentrated in one or two states

Outside Spanish, most languages are spread thinly across the country but concentrated in a few states. On the 2020–2024 survey:

Haitian Creole: Florida has 461,611 speakers, 2.2% of residents; New York is second (151,327).
Portuguese: Massachusetts (3.4%) and Rhode Island (2.9%) have the highest shares; Portuguese is the next language after Spanish in both and in Connecticut.
Hmong: California (75,831) and Minnesota (71,858) have the most speakers; as a share, Minnesota (1.3%) and Wisconsin (0.71%) lead.
Navajo: Arizona has 75,037 speakers and New Mexico 57,560; no other state has more than 5,931. In New Mexico Navajo speakers are 2.9% of residents.
Arabic: Michigan has the highest share (1.8%), and Arabic follows Spanish there, in Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.
Polish: Illinois has 164,756 speakers, more than twice the next state, New York (73,781).
Armenian: California has 206,038 speakers; New York, second, has 6,349.
Tagalog: California has the most speakers (773,155), while the highest shares are in Hawaii (4.4%), Nevada (3.0%) and Alaska (2.5%).
Amharic, Somali and related languages: Minnesota has the most speakers (97,586) and the highest share (1.8%).
Yiddish and Pennsylvania Dutch (counted together with other West Germanic languages): New York (225,528) and Pennsylvania (75,853²) have the most speakers.

A coastal and border pattern

The highest shares run along the southern border, from California through Arizona (25.3%) and New Mexico (30.6%) to Texas, and through the Northeast corridor, led by New Jersey (34.0%) and New York (32.1%). In all, 11 states are significantly above the national share and 36, counting DC, below it; the median state is at 13.6%¹, well under the national figure, because the largest states have the highest shares.

Each region also has its low end. In the South, West Virginia has the lowest share in the country, and Mississippi (4.7%) is third-lowest. In the West, Montana (4.0%) has the second-lowest share in the country, while its neighbor Idaho has 10.9%. In the Midwest, Illinois (25.0%) is the only state above a fifth; South Dakota is lowest (6.8%). In the Northeast, Vermont has 5.5%¹.

Twenty years of change

The national share has risen slowly: 19.4% in 2005, 21.5% in 2015 and 22.9% in 2025. Most states followed. Georgia went up from 11.6% in 2005 to 16.1%, North Carolina up from 9.2% in 2005 to 14.7% and Nevada up from 26.2% in 2005⁵ to 30.2%¹.

Speak a language other than English at home, 2005–2025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers

Year	New Mexico	Arizona	Georgia	North Carolina	United States
2005	36.1% ±0.6	27.4% ±0.3	11.6% ±0.2	9.3% ±0.2	19.4% ±0.0
2006	36.5% ±0.6	28.0% ±0.3	11.9% ±0.2	9.6% ±0.1	19.7% ±0.0
2007	35.7% ±0.6	28.5% ±0.3	12.0% ±0.2	9.7% ±0.2	19.7% ±0.0
2008	35.4% ±0.7	27.5% ±0.3	12.5% ±0.2	9.8% ±0.1	19.7% ±0.0
2009	35.8% ±0.7	27.7% ±0.4	12.5% ±0.2	10.1% ±0.2	20.0% ±0.0
2010	36.5% ±0.6	26.7% ±0.3	13.1% ±0.2	10.9% ±0.2	20.6% ±0.0
2011	36.5% ±0.6	27.0% ±0.4	13.3% ±0.2	10.7% ±0.2	20.8% ±0.0
2012	35.4% ±0.6	27.1% ±0.3	13.4% ±0.2	11.1% ±0.2	21.1% ±0.0
2013	36.0% ±0.7	26.8% ±0.3	13.6% ±0.2	11.1% ±0.2	20.8% ±0.1
2014	36.8% ±0.6	27.0% ±0.3	13.6% ±0.2	11.2% ±0.1	21.1% ±0.0
2015	34.3% ±0.6	27.1% ±0.3	14.0% ±0.2	11.5% ±0.2	21.5% ±0.0
2016	34.5% ±0.7	27.1% ±0.3	14.0% ±0.2	11.5% ±0.2	21.6% ±0.0
2017	33.0% ±0.7	27.4% ±0.3	14.1% ±0.2	11.8% ±0.2	21.8% ±0.1
2018	34.1% ±0.7	27.5% ±0.3	14.0% ±0.2	12.0% ±0.2	21.9% ±0.1
2019	34.0% ±0.8	27.2% ±0.4	14.4% ±0.2	12.3% ±0.2	22.0% ±0.1
2021	31.2% ±0.7	26.1% ±0.3	14.4% ±0.3	12.4% ±0.2	21.6% ±0.1
2022	30.9% ±0.6	26.2% ±0.3	14.9% ±0.2	12.8% ±0.2	22.0% ±0.1
2023	31.7% ±0.7	25.9% ±0.3	15.7% ±0.3	13.8% ±0.2	22.5% ±0.1
2024	31.4% ±0.7	25.9% ±0.4	16.3% ±0.2	14.4% ±0.2	23.0% ±0.1
2025	30.6% ±0.8	25.3% ±0.4	16.1% ±0.3	14.7% ±0.2	22.9% ±0.1

A few states moved the other way. New Mexico's share is down from 36.1% in 2005, Arizona's down from 27.4% in 2005 and Maine's down from 7.5% in 2005⁵. In Colorado, Hawaii and Louisiana the 2025 share is not statistically different from 2005. In the latest year alone, the national share was not statistically different from 23.0% in 2024; California's fell (down from 45.3% in 2024) and New York's rose (up from 31.6% in 2024¹).

Speaking English less than "very well"

Most people who speak another language at home also speak English very well. The survey asks each of them how well they speak English; 8.5% (±0.1 percentage points) of all residents aged 5 and older answered less than "very well" in 2025, down from 9.0% in 2024. The share is highest in California (16.8%), New York (13.7%) and New Jersey (13.3%), and lowest in West Virginia (0.7%) and Montana (0.9%¹).

Speak English less than \

California16.8% ±0.2

New York13.7% ±0.2

New Jersey13.3% ±0.3

Florida12.6% ±0.2

Texas12.2% ±0.2

Nevada11.2% ±0.5

Hawaii10.3% ±0.7

Massachusetts9.7% ±0.3

Illinois9.1% ±0.3

New Mexico8.9% ±0.6

United States8.5% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Speak English less than "very well"	MOE
California	16.8%	±0.2
New York	13.7%	±0.2
New Jersey	13.3%	±0.3
Florida	12.6%	±0.2
Texas	12.2%	±0.2
Nevada	11.2%	±0.5
Hawaii	10.3%	±0.7
Massachusetts	9.7%	±0.3
Illinois	9.1%	±0.3
New Mexico	8.9%	±0.6
United States	8.5%	±0.1

The order differs from the main ranking. Texas is second on speaking another language but 5th highest on limited English (12.2%), and New York moves up to 2nd highest. All five of the highest states had lower shares than in 2024: California down from 17.9% in 2024, New York down from 14.4% in 2024, New Jersey down from 13.9% in 2024, Florida down from 13.5% in 2024 and Texas down from 13.2% in 2024¹.

The share also varies by language. Nationally, 38.5% of Spanish speakers and 48.3%³ of Chinese speakers said they speak English less than "very well" in 2025. A stricter household measure counts homes where no one aged 14 or older speaks English very well: 4.3% of US households in 2025, down from 4.5% in 2024, and 8.2%⁶ in California.

How to read these numbers

Language at home, not ability. The survey asks whether a person speaks a language other than English at home and which one. People who learned a language at school but speak English at home are not counted, and nothing is asked about reading or writing.
Ages 5 and older. All shares exclude young children.
Self-reported English ability. "Very well" and the other answers are the respondent's own assessment, not a test. The Census Bureau explains the questions and why it groups smaller languages in About Language Use in the U.S. Population.
Two periods. The ranking and the Spanish and English-ability figures are from 2025 (1-year). Detailed languages use 2020–2024 (5-year) to cover every state, so a state's Spanish share can differ slightly between the two, as in California (28.5%¹ in 2025, 28.3%² in 2020–2024).
Grouped categories. The Census Bureau publishes some languages only in groups, such as "French, Haitian or Cajun" and "Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch or other West Germanic languages". A state's figure for a group cannot be read as one language.
Survey estimates. Each figure has a 90% margin of error; small groups in small states are uncertain, and the rank ranges in the table show which states cannot be told apart.

For one state's full list of languages, see the state pages, such as California, Minnesota and Louisiana, and the immigration and language hub.

Questions about languages spoken by state

What is the second most spoken language in each state?

After English, Spanish is the most common home language in DC and every state except two: Hawaii, where it is Tagalog (incl. Filipino), and Maine, where it is French. The language that follows Spanish varies widely: Hmong in Minnesota, Portuguese in Massachusetts, Arabic in Michigan, Navajo in New Mexico and Arizona, Haitian² in Florida. The full list is in the table on this page (2020–2024 survey).

What percent of Louisiana speaks French?

1.1% (±0.09 percentage points) of Louisianans aged 5 and older spoke French or Cajun at home in 2025, about 46,000³ people. The survey asks about the language spoken at home, so people who know French but speak English at home are not counted.

Which state has the most Spanish speakers?

California², with 10,627,004 (±65,474) people who speak Spanish at home in 2025, ahead of Texas (8,209,568) and Florida (5,227,275³). As a share of residents, California (28.5%) and Texas (27.6%¹) lead.

What percent of Americans speak a language other than English at home?

22.9% (±0.1 percentage points) of people aged 5 and older in 2025, not statistically different from 23.0% in 2024¹. 77.1%³ speak only English at home.

Related rankings

Sources

Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table B16001; 2020-2024; released January 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B16001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025; 2005-2025 (no standard 2020 1-year release); released October 29, 2026. api.census.gov
Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table C16002; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov

Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.