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Veterans by state

Texas has the most veterans, 1,446,930 (±27,633) in 2025, ahead of Florida (1,318,557) and California (1,254,746). Measured as a share of civilian adults, Alaska ranks highest at 9.7%, then Virginia (9.0%) and Montana (8.6%); New York is lowest (3.3%). Nationally, 15.7 million veterans make up 5.9%1 of civilian adults.

Data as of October 29, 2026 (newest release used on this page).

Veterans as a share of civilian adults, 2025
Veterans as a share of civilian adults, 2025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001; Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files. Darker states are higher; DC is the dot. Period: 2025.

Full table ↓

Veterans by state: share of civilian adults, number, VA projection and share who are women, 2025
1Alaska9.7%±0.71st–2ndHigherNot significant53,05268,00015.2%
2Virginia9.0%±0.21st–3rdHigherNot significant623,047663,00016.1%
3Montana8.6%±0.52nd–4thHigherNot significant78,53085,00011.4%
4Wyoming8.2%±0.73rd–14thHigherNot significant37,96944,00010.3%
5South Carolina8.0%±0.24th–9thHigherNot significant350,835382,00013.4%
=6New Mexico7.8%±0.44th–16thHigherNot significant130,350146,00012.6%
=6South Dakota7.8%±0.54th–16thHigherNot significant55,55862,0009.0%
8Hawaii7.7%±0.44th–17thHigherNot significant85,223103,00013.9%
=9Maine7.6%±0.44th–17thHigherNot significant89,159100,0009.1%
=9Oklahoma7.6%±0.25th–16thHigherNot significant237,887271,00011.7%
=11Alabama7.5%±0.25th–17thHigherNot significant304,284332,00012.0%
=11Arizona7.5%±0.25th–17thHigherNot significant449,601463,00010.9%
=11West Virginia7.5%±0.45th–19thHigherNot significant107,341115,0009.6%
=14Arkansas7.4%±0.36th–19thHigher+0.5%178,260194,00011.2%
=14Idaho7.4%±0.45th–21stHigherNot significant115,297121,0009.2%
=14North Carolina7.4%±0.26th–19thHigherNot significant646,491669,00012.6%
17Nevada7.2%±0.39th–22ndHigherNot significant186,734205,00010.9%
=18Colorado7.0%±0.216th–24thHigherNot significant331,110353,00013.3%
=18Florida7.0%±0.116th–24thHigherNot significant1,318,5571,361,00012.1%
=18New Hampshire7.0%±0.413th–27thHigherNot significant82,03687,0008.5%
=21Delaware6.9%±0.513th–30thHigherNot significant58,64961,0009.5%
=21Washington6.9%±0.217th–26thHigher−0.4%434,198487,00011.6%
=23Georgia6.8%±0.218th–27thHigherNot significant596,611645,00015.0%
=23Missouri6.8%±0.218th–27thHigherNot significant334,269371,0009.8%
=25Maryland6.6%±0.221st–32ndHigherNot significant321,975337,00017.5%
=25Mississippi6.6%±0.320th–33rdHigherNot significant151,386175,00013.2%
=27Kentucky6.5%±0.224th–33rdHigher+0.3%234,003250,0009.2%
=27Tennessee6.5%±0.224th–33rdHigher−0.6%375,004421,00010.9%
=29North Dakota6.4%±0.520th–37thNot significantNot significant39,11845,00012.0%
=29Oregon6.4%±0.224th–33rdHigher−0.4%222,002249,0009.6%
=31Kansas6.3%±0.226th–34thHigherNot significant143,511171,0009.7%
=31Nebraska6.3%±0.325th–37thHigherNot significant96,241112,00010.8%
=33Louisiana6.1%±0.230th–37thNot significantNot significant215,419242,00010.6%
=33Vermont6.1%±0.525th–40thNot significantNot significant33,00935,00010.6%
=35Iowa6.0%±0.231st–38thNot significantNot significant151,216168,0009.5%
=35Ohio6.0%±0.231st–38thNot significantNot significant561,908626,0009.3%
=35Texas6.0%±0.131st–38thNot significantNot significant1,446,9301,509,00013.3%
38Indiana5.8%±0.234th–40thNot significantNot significant315,178349,0008.4%
39Wisconsin5.7%±0.237th–40thLowerNot significant271,392304,0008.6%
40Pennsylvania5.6%±0.137th–40thLower−0.2%588,783627,0009.2%
41Michigan5.4%±0.141st–42ndLowerNot significant433,589461,0008.4%
42Minnesota5.3%±0.141st–42ndLower−0.2%240,553270,0008.6%
43Rhode Island4.6%±0.443rd–46thLowerNot significant42,09550,0007.1%
=44Connecticut4.5%±0.243rd–46thLowerNot significant134,586136,00010.0%
=44Illinois4.5%±0.143rd–46thLowerNot significant450,893572,00010.2%
46Utah4.4%±0.243rd–46thLowerNot significant116,210125,00010.1%
47California4.0%±0.147th–49thLowerNot significant1,254,7461,338,00010.8%
48Massachusetts3.8%±0.247th–49thLowerNot significant222,521247,0009.2%
49District of Columbia3.5%±0.547th–51stLowerNot significant19,90226,00013.7%
50New Jersey3.4%±0.149th–51stLowerNot significant254,840274,0008.4%
51New York3.3%±0.149th–51stLower−0.2%524,170591,0008.5%
United States5.9%15,746,22817,260,00011.4%

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001; Department of Veterans Affairs (NCVAS; now Office of Actuarial Services), VetPop2023 Table 6L. Period: 2025. "=" marks a tie at the displayed precision. Rank range: the ranks consistent with the 90% margins of error (Census Bureau method). "Compared with US" and changes use the Census Bureau significance test at 90% confidence; "Not significant" means the difference is within the margins of error.

The most veterans: Texas, Florida and California

Three states have more than a million veterans each. Texas has 1,446,930 (±27,633), Florida 1,318,557 (±26,118) and California 1,254,746 (±19,955). Below them the count falls by about half: North Carolina (646,491), Virginia (623,047), Georgia (596,611) and Pennsylvania (588,783). Georgia and Pennsylvania are too close to separate: each ranks between 6th and 7th1.

The twelve states with the most veterans, 2025 (civilian veterans 18 and older)
Texas1,446,930 ±27,633
Florida1,318,557 ±26,118
California1,254,746 ±19,955
North Carolina646,491 ±13,461
Virginia623,047 ±12,315
Georgia596,611 ±15,407
Pennsylvania588,783 ±12,604
Ohio561,908 ±14,109
New York524,170 ±10,699
Illinois450,893 ±9,624
Arizona449,601 ±12,187
Washington434,198 ±12,552

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers
StateVeterans (civilians 18 and older)MOE
Texas1,446,930±27,633
Florida1,318,557±26,118
California1,254,746±19,955
North Carolina646,491±13,461
Virginia623,047±12,315
Georgia596,611±15,407
Pennsylvania588,783±12,604
Ohio561,908±14,109
New York524,170±10,699
Illinois450,893±9,624
Arizona449,601±12,187
Washington434,198±12,552

A large count mostly reflects a large population. Texas has the most veterans, yet its share of adults who served, 6.0%, is not statistically different from the US figure (5.9%). California is third by number and 5th lowest by share (4.0%). New York is 9th highest by number (524,1701) and has the lowest share of any state.

The regional leaders by number are Texas in the South, California in the West, Pennsylvania in the Northeast (588,783) and Ohio in the Midwest (561,908). Half of the states have fewer than 222,5211 veterans.

Highest share of adults: Alaska, Virginia and Montana

The share ranking answers a different question: how likely an adult resident is to be a veteran. Alaska leads at 9.7% (±0.7 percentage points), 3.8 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%). Virginia follows at 9.0% (±0.2 percentage points) and Montana at 8.6% (±0.5 percentage points). The survey cannot fully separate these three: Alaska ranks between 1st and 2nd, Virginia between 1st and 3rd and Montana between 2nd and 4th1.

After them the margins widen. Wyoming (8.2%) ranks between 3rd and 14th, and South Carolina (8.0%), New Mexico (7.8%), South Dakota (7.8%), Hawaii (7.7%), Maine (7.6%) and Oklahoma (7.6%1) form a group whose order is not fixed by the data.

31 states are significantly above the national share of 5.9% and 13, counting DC, are significantly below it; the rest cannot be told apart from it. The median state is at 6.6%1, above the national figure, because the states with the lowest shares include some of the most populous.

Lowest shares: New York, New Jersey and DC

New York (3.3%), New Jersey (3.4%), the District of Columbia (3.5%), Massachusetts (3.8%) and California (4.0%) have the lowest shares. Connecticut (4.5%) and Rhode Island (4.6%) are also in the bottom ten, along with Illinois (4.5%), Utah (4.4%) and Minnesota (5.3%1).

Each region has a wide spread. In the Northeast, Maine (7.6%) has more than twice New York's share. In the West, Alaska is at the top and California at the bottom; in the South, Virginia leads and its neighbor, the District of Columbia, is lowest; in the Midwest the range runs from South Dakota (7.8%) down to Illinois (4.5%1).

Which generation served: post-2001 and Vietnam-era veterans

The 2025 survey also asks when veterans served. Nationally, 31.4% of veterans served at some point since September 2001, a share that went up from 29.9% in 2024. The Vietnam era accounts for 30.9% (down from 31.3% in 2024), and Korean War or World War II veterans for 2.6% (down from 3.3% in 20244). A veteran who served in several periods is counted in each, so these shares overlap.

The mix differs sharply by state. In Virginia, 43.7% of veterans served after September 2001, 12.3 percentage points above the US figure (31.4%); in Alaska, 43.5%; in Utah, 42.6%; in Maryland, 40.9%. Utah has one of the lowest shares of veterans among adults, but a large share of its veterans served after September 2001. In Wisconsin the post-2001 share is 23.2%, 8.2 percentage points below the US figure (31.4%), and Vietnam-era veterans make up 38.2%. Rhode Island (39.3%), Oregon (38.5%) and New Hampshire (37.8%4) also have Vietnam-era shares well above the national figure.

Period of service of veterans by state, 2025 (share of veterans; periods overlap)
Virginia43.7% ±1.436.6% ±1.324.4% ±0.71.6% ±0.216.3% ±0.7
Alaska43.5% ±3.737.3% ±4.121.4% ±2.41.1% ±0.817.4% ±2.7
Utah42.6% ±3.222.6% ±2.130.3% ±1.82.7% ±0.915.6% ±2.0
Maryland40.9% ±2.029.5% ±1.725.2% ±1.21.7% ±0.419.1% ±1.3
Texas39.8% ±1.029.8% ±0.825.5% ±0.51.7% ±0.217.4% ±0.6
North Dakota37.9% ±6.024.8% ±3.930.2% ±2.85.0% ±2.216.7% ±3.0
Colorado37.7% ±1.827.0% ±1.527.5% ±1.21.9% ±0.419.4% ±1.3
Hawaii37.0% ±3.226.0% ±3.031.7% ±2.43.3% ±1.018.1% ±2.5
Oklahoma35.4% ±1.828.9% ±1.628.9% ±1.52.2% ±0.419.0% ±1.2
District of Columbia35.1% ±6.625.1% ±6.224.5% ±7.55.7% ±4.026.0% ±8.9
Alabama34.7% ±1.831.7% ±1.728.1% ±1.21.9% ±0.420.1% ±1.3
Georgia33.9% ±1.230.4% ±1.327.7% ±0.81.5% ±0.320.8% ±0.9
North Carolina33.7% ±1.327.5% ±1.128.3% ±0.92.0% ±0.321.6% ±0.9
Washington33.7% ±1.326.7% ±1.331.3% ±1.12.1% ±0.420.3% ±0.9
Nevada33.3% ±2.826.4% ±2.531.4% ±1.71.6% ±0.521.8% ±1.9
Kansas33.1% ±2.524.2% ±1.831.2% ±1.32.6% ±0.820.9% ±1.8
Arkansas32.5% ±2.827.8% ±2.330.1% ±1.61.7% ±0.521.3% ±1.7
South Carolina32.3% ±1.731.6% ±1.629.9% ±1.42.3% ±0.520.8% ±1.2
South Dakota31.9% ±4.027.3% ±3.331.0% ±2.42.1% ±0.819.8% ±2.7
Tennessee31.9% ±1.627.4% ±1.531.1% ±1.41.7% ±0.321.0% ±1.2
Wyoming31.9% ±5.031.5% ±4.933.4% ±3.61.3% ±1.316.2% ±3.0
Idaho31.4% ±2.725.4% ±2.432.6% ±1.52.1% ±0.619.3% ±1.6
California31.3% ±1.021.5% ±0.731.4% ±0.73.2% ±0.321.8% ±0.7
Montana31.2% ±3.423.7% ±2.933.6% ±1.82.3% ±0.722.4% ±2.3
Nebraska31.2% ±2.828.6% ±2.732.0% ±1.72.7% ±0.818.2% ±1.7
Mississippi31.1% ±2.431.7% ±2.426.9% ±1.62.6% ±0.721.4% ±1.7
Louisiana30.9% ±2.428.9% ±1.930.5% ±1.52.3% ±0.619.2% ±1.7
Kentucky30.2% ±1.827.1% ±1.631.5% ±1.22.4% ±0.620.8% ±1.6
Florida29.9% ±1.227.6% ±0.930.8% ±0.63.2% ±0.322.6% ±0.6
Arizona29.5% ±1.624.8% ±1.433.5% ±1.02.3% ±0.321.6% ±1.1
New Mexico28.7% ±2.827.9% ±2.531.6% ±1.72.4% ±0.823.8% ±2.0
Missouri28.5% ±1.622.9% ±1.332.5% ±0.92.4% ±0.423.0% ±1.1
New Jersey27.2% ±2.016.2% ±1.435.0% ±1.34.0% ±0.624.1% ±1.5
Illinois27.1% ±1.522.5% ±1.233.7% ±1.02.9% ±0.422.2% ±1.1
Massachusetts26.4% ±2.216.9% ±1.634.7% ±1.43.7% ±0.826.0% ±1.9
Ohio26.4% ±1.123.3% ±1.132.6% ±0.82.6% ±0.324.2% ±1.2
West Virginia26.4% ±2.824.3% ±2.533.9% ±1.02.4% ±0.922.7% ±2.4
Indiana26.3% ±1.523.2% ±1.431.7% ±0.92.0% ±0.425.3% ±1.3
Oregon25.8% ±1.821.1% ±1.738.5% ±1.22.5% ±0.621.8% ±1.4
Maine25.7% ±3.022.5% ±2.235.2% ±2.03.6% ±1.324.2% ±2.0
Connecticut25.5% ±2.820.4% ±2.335.0% ±1.63.4% ±0.825.1% ±2.3
Delaware25.5% ±3.922.7% ±3.736.0% ±3.22.5% ±1.325.4% ±3.4
Vermont25.5% ±4.819.4% ±3.236.0% ±3.03.7% ±2.424.2% ±4.2
New Hampshire25.3% ±3.420.0% ±2.637.8% ±2.52.8% ±1.123.1% ±2.3
Rhode Island25.2% ±3.524.7% ±4.139.3% ±3.84.3% ±1.819.6% ±3.8
New York24.4% ±1.217.5% ±1.035.1% ±0.94.0% ±0.425.9% ±1.2
Minnesota24.2% ±1.618.3% ±1.235.0% ±1.14.6% ±0.725.2% ±1.3
Michigan23.5% ±1.221.2% ±1.134.8% ±0.83.0% ±0.524.8% ±1.1
Pennsylvania23.4% ±1.121.0% ±1.034.6% ±0.73.6% ±0.425.9% ±1.0
Wisconsin23.2% ±1.421.1% ±1.238.2% ±1.22.7% ±0.423.5% ±1.3
Iowa22.9% ±1.820.8% ±1.735.4% ±1.13.6% ±0.824.3% ±1.7
United States31.4% ±0.225.6% ±0.230.9% ±0.12.6% ±0.121.6% ±0.2

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21002. ± is the 90% margin of error.

Women veterans

Women are 11.4% of US veterans, up from 11.1% in 2024. Maryland, at 17.5% (±1.2 percentage points), is 6.1 percentage points above the US figure (11.4%), and Virginia (16.1%) is 4.7 percentage points above the US figure (11.4%). Alaska (15.2%) and Georgia (15.0%) are also above the national figure. At the other end, Rhode Island's share is 7.1% (±2.3 percentage points), 4.3 percentage points below the US figure (11.4%)1.

Women as a share of veterans, highest states, 2025
Maryland17.5% ±1.2
Virginia16.1% ±1.0
Alaska15.2% ±2.6
Georgia15.0% ±1.0
Hawaii13.9% ±2.1
District of Columbia13.7% ±4.1
South Carolina13.4% ±1.0
Colorado13.3% ±1.1
Texas13.3% ±0.6
Mississippi13.2% ±1.7
New Mexico12.6% ±1.8
North Carolina12.6% ±1.0
United States11.4% ±0.1

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001. Whiskers show the 90% margin of error; states whose whiskers overlap may not differ significantly. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers
StateWomen, share of veteransMOE
Maryland17.5%±1.2
Virginia16.1%±1.0
Alaska15.2%±2.6
Georgia15.0%±1.0
Hawaii13.9%±2.1
District of Columbia13.7%±4.1
South Carolina13.4%±1.0
Colorado13.3%±1.1
Texas13.3%±0.6
Mississippi13.2%±1.7
New Mexico12.6%±1.8
North Carolina12.6%±1.0
United States11.4%±0.1

The same states recur from the period-of-service table: Maryland, Virginia and Alaska also have post-2001 shares of 40.9%, 43.7% and 43.5%4. The survey tables used here do not cross sex with period of service by state, so how far the two overlap cannot be measured from them.

A shrinking share since 2010

Veterans have become a smaller part of the adult population. In the American Community Survey for 2010, 9.3% of US civilian adults were veterans; in 2025, 5.9%. The decline shows at both ends of the ranking: Alaska went from 14.1% to 9.7%, Virginia from 12.3% to 9.0%, and New York from 6.3%5 to 3.3%1.

Veterans as a share of civilian adults, Alaska, Virginia, US and New York, 2010–2025
Veterans as a share of civilian adults, Alaska, Virginia, US and New York, 2010–2025. Alaska: 14.1% in 2010 to 9.7% in 2025; Virginia: 12.3% in 2010 to 9.0% in 2025; United States: 9.3% in 2010 to 5.9% in 2025; New York: 6.3% in 2010 to 3.3% in 20250.0%5.0%10.0%2010201420182025

Source: Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025. ACS 1-year estimates; no standard 1-year release for 2020. Shaded band: 90% margin of error.

Show the numbers
YearAlaskaVirginiaUnited StatesNew York
201014.1% ±0.812.3% ±0.29.3% ±0.06.3% ±0.1
201114.0% ±0.712.0% ±0.29.1% ±0.06.1% ±0.1
201213.6% ±0.611.7% ±0.28.9% ±0.05.8% ±0.1
201311.9% ±0.610.9% ±0.28.1% ±0.05.2% ±0.1
201413.1% ±0.610.9% ±0.27.9% ±0.05.0% ±0.1
201512.5% ±0.610.8% ±0.27.6% ±0.04.8% ±0.1
201612.2% ±0.710.4% ±0.27.4% ±0.04.7% ±0.1
201711.9% ±0.710.6% ±0.27.3% ±0.04.5% ±0.1
201812.6% ±0.710.3% ±0.27.1% ±0.04.4% ±0.1
201910.7% ±0.710.0% ±0.26.9% ±0.04.3% ±0.1
202111.0% ±0.79.7% ±0.26.4% ±0.03.9% ±0.1
202210.1% ±0.69.2% ±0.26.2% ±0.03.7% ±0.1
202310.5% ±0.79.1% ±0.26.1% ±0.03.6% ±0.1
20249.9% ±0.68.9% ±0.25.9% ±0.03.5% ±0.1
20259.7% ±0.79.0% ±0.25.9% ±0.03.3% ±0.1

Over a single year the national picture is flat: the share was unchanged from 5.9% in 2024, and the number of veterans was not statistically different from 15,701,246 in 2024. A few states did move beyond the margin of error. The number of veterans rose in North Carolina (up from 621,063 in 2024) and Virginia (up from 602,994 in 2024) and fell in New York (down from 550,582 in 2024), Washington (down from 455,376 in 2024) and Tennessee (down from 400,477 in 2024). The share of adults who are veterans went up from 6.9% in 2024 in Arkansas and up from 6.2% in 2024 in Kentucky, and down from 7.3% in 20241 in Washington. Single-year changes of this size are small, and most states show none that the survey can detect.

The VA's own model points the same way at the national level: 18.3 million veterans on September 30, 2023 and a projected 17.3 million2 on September 30, 2026. These are model projections, not counts.

VA health care coverage

A separate survey question asks whether people have VA health care. Nationally 1.7% (±0.1 percentage points) of the civilian noninstitutionalized population, all ages, has it. Wyoming (3.2%), Alaska (3.1%) and South Dakota (3.0%) are well above that: Wyoming's share is 1.5 percentage points above the US figure (1.7%). New Jersey (0.7%) and New York (0.8%) are at the low end; New Jersey's share is 1.0 percentage points below the US figure (1.7%)6. The states at both ends are largely the same as in the veteran ranking, but the base is different: residents of every age, not adults.

Survey count or VA estimate: which number to use

Two federal sources publish veteran numbers by state, and they do not agree:

  • American Community Survey (Census Bureau, 2025): veterans are civilians 18 and older who have served on active duty but are not serving now; members of the National Guard or Reserves count only if they were ever called or ordered to active duty, according to the Census Bureau's veterans glossary. People on active duty now are not counted. These are survey estimates with 90% margins of error, shown in the table. This page ranks on them because they come with a population base for the share, margins of error and a yearly series.
  • VetPop2023 (Department of Veterans Affairs): a model of the living veteran population, projected forward from September 30, 2023. Its figure for September 30, 2026 is 17,260,000 nationally, against 15,746,2281 in the survey; for Texas it is 1,509,000, for Florida 1,361,000 and for California 1,338,0002. The VA asks that these figures be reported to the nearest thousand. They have no margin of error and are projections, not counts. See the VA veteran population page for the method.

Other points when comparing states:

  • Count versus share. The headline query, "states with the most veterans", has two answers: Texas by number, Alaska by share. Use the share to compare states of different sizes.
  • Close ranks are not real differences. The rank range column shows the positions consistent with the margins of error; many mid-table states share the same range.
  • Homeless veterans are a different count. HUD's point-in-time count found 32,4957 veterans experiencing homelessness on one night in January 2025. It is an administrative count and is covered on the homelessness ranking.
  • Latest year: 2025. The 2025 survey was released on October 29, 2026; the 2026 figures are due in 2027.

Questions about veterans by state

Which state has the most veterans?

Texas, with 1,446,930 civilian veterans in the 2025 American Community Survey, followed by Florida (1,318,557) and California (1,254,7461). The Department of Veterans Affairs model gives a higher figure for Texas, 1,509,0002 projected for September 30, 2026, but the order of the three largest states is the same.

Which state has the highest percentage of veterans?

Alaska: 9.7% (±0.7 percentage points) of civilian adults are veterans, 3.8 percentage points above the US figure (5.9%). Allowing for the margins of error, Alaska ranks between 1st and 2nd and Virginia (9.0%) between 1st and 3rd1.

Which states have the fewest veterans?

By number, the District of Columbia (19,902), Vermont (33,009) and Wyoming (37,969). As a share of adults, New York (3.3%), New Jersey (3.4%) and the District of Columbia (3.5%). Wyoming has few veterans in total but a high share: 8.2%1 of its adults.

How many veterans are there in the United States?

The 2025 American Community Survey counts 15,746,228 (±85,315) civilian veterans aged 18 and older, not statistically different from 15,701,246 in 20241. The VA's VetPop2023 model projects 17.3 million2 veterans for September 30, 2026. The two figures come from different methods; this page ranks states on the survey.

Related rankings

Sources

  1. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21001; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
  2. Department of Veterans Affairs (NCVAS; now Office of Actuarial Services), VetPop2023 Table 6L; VetPop2023 model; base 2023-09-30, projections to 2053. www.va.gov
  3. Census Bureau, 2024 Cartographic Boundary Files; table cb_2024_us_state_20m; 2024; released April 10, 2025. www2.census.gov
  4. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table B21002; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
  5. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2005-2019 and 2021-2025; 2005-2025 (no standard 2020 1-year release); released October 29, 2026. api.census.gov
  6. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates, 2025, table S2704; 2025; released October 29, 2026. data.census.gov
  7. HUD Office of Policy Development and Research, 2025 AHAR; Point-in-Time count, one night in the last 10 days of January 2025. www.huduser.gov

Margins of error (±) are at the 90% confidence level. A difference is called significant only when it passes the Census Bureau's test at that level. How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.